Xu M Q, Sun X D
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Oct 11;53(10):786-790. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2017.10.015.
Exosomes are small vesicles with a molecular diameter of 30 to 100 nm, which are secreted into the cell after the fusion of the multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell origin, including proteins, microRNAs and lipids. Different cell-derived exosomes have different biological functions. Exosomes play a very important role in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The exosomes derived from the eye are involved in the processes of cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosuppression by transferring contents to adjacent or distant cells. Some of the specific molecules may be used for early diagnosis and treatment of AMD. This article reviews the relationship between exosomes and AMD pathogenesis and treatment, which may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment strategy of AMD. .
外泌体是一种分子直径为30至100纳米的小囊泡，由多泡体与质膜融合后分泌到细胞外。外泌体包含其细胞来源的各种分子成分，包括蛋白质、微小RNA和脂质。不同细胞来源的外泌体具有不同的生物学功能。外泌体在年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的发生和发展中起着非常重要的作用。眼部来源的外泌体通过将内容物转移到相邻或远处细胞而参与细胞生长、转移、血管生成和免疫抑制过程。一些特定分子可能用于AMD的早期诊断和治疗。本文综述了外泌体与AMD发病机制及治疗之间的关系，这可能为AMD的发病机制和治疗策略提供新的见解。
