Frydrychowicz M, Kolecka-Bednarczyk A, Madejczyk M, Yasar S, Dworacki G
Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Scand J Immunol. 2015 Jan;81(1):2-10. doi: 10.1111/sji.12247.
Many different cells produce and release membraneous microvesicles (MV) or exosomes into their microenvironment. Exosomes represent a specific subtype of secreted derived vesicles which are defined as homogenous vesicles of 30-100 nm lined by a lipid bilayer, which contain a specific set of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. There are clear evidences that they serve as important biological signals messengers and carriers in physiological as well as in pathological processes. Those derived from tumours (tumour-derived exosomes, TD-exosomes) function as protumourigenic factors that can mediate intercellular communication in the tumour microenvironment and also contribute to cancer progression. The main functions of exosomes in the cancer microenvironment include the following: promotion of primary cancer growth, stimulation of angiogenesis, activation of stromal fibroblasts, sculpting the cancer ECM, generation of a premetastatic niche and suppression of host immune response. Exosomes have recently emerged as potentially promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. This article is a summary of information about the structure and origin of exosomes and also indicates the importance of exosomes and microRNAs in lung cancer. The role of exosomes in NSCLC is little known, and its explanation requires thorough research.
许多不同的细胞会产生并释放膜性微泡（MV）或外泌体到其微环境中。外泌体是分泌性衍生囊泡的一种特定亚型，被定义为大小在30 - 100纳米之间、由脂质双层包裹的均匀囊泡，其中包含一组特定的蛋白质、脂质和核酸。有明确证据表明，它们在生理和病理过程中作为重要的生物信号信使和载体发挥作用。那些源自肿瘤的外泌体（肿瘤衍生外泌体，TD - 外泌体）作为促肿瘤发生因子，可介导肿瘤微环境中的细胞间通讯，也有助于癌症进展。外泌体在癌症微环境中的主要功能包括以下几点：促进原发性肿瘤生长、刺激血管生成、激活基质成纤维细胞、塑造癌症细胞外基质、形成前转移微环境以及抑制宿主免疫反应。外泌体最近已成为癌症和其他疾病中具有潜在前景的诊断和预后生物标志物。本文是关于外泌体的结构和起源信息的总结，同时也指出了外泌体和微小RNA在肺癌中的重要性。外泌体在非小细胞肺癌中的作用鲜为人知，对其进行解释需要深入研究。
