Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia.
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2017 Dec;32(12):964-976. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.011. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
Recent theoretical models predict that the evolutionary diversification of the weapons and ornaments of pre-mating sexual selection should be influenced by trade-offs with male expenditure on ejaculates. However, the patterns of association between secondary sexual traits and ejaculate expenditure are frequently inconsistent in their support of this prediction. We show why consideration of additional life-history, ecological, and mating-system variables is crucial for the interpretation of associations between secondary sexual traits and ejaculate production. Incorporation of these 'missing variables' provides evidence that interactions between pre- and post-mating sexual selection can underlie broad patterns of diversification in male weapons and ornaments. We call for more experimental and genetic approaches to uncover trade-offs, as well as for studies that consider the costs of mate-searching.
最近的理论模型预测，前交配性选择的武器和装饰品的进化多样化应该受到与雄性精液支出的权衡的影响。然而，二级性特征与精液支出之间的关联模式在支持这一预测方面常常不一致。我们展示了为什么考虑额外的生活史、生态和交配系统变量对于解释二级性特征与精液产生之间的关联至关重要。纳入这些“缺失变量”为理解雄性武器和装饰品多样化的广泛模式提供了证据，这些模式是前交配和后交配性选择之间相互作用的结果。我们呼吁更多的实验和遗传方法来揭示权衡，以及考虑寻找配偶成本的研究。
