Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University Bihar , Motihari, India .
Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2017 Oct;32(8):275-281. doi: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2309.
Secretory and transmembrane proteins undergo post-translational modifications and folding in the subcellular organelle, that is, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to become functionally active. Various factors such as high oxidative stress, low glucose, calcium imbalance, and viral infections interfere with the ER protein folding functions, leading to accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins that activate downstream signal transduction pathways, termed as unfolded protein response (UPR). This UPR signaling is adaptive and restored the normal function of cells by decreasing protein synthesis, increasing the folding capacity of ER and degradation of misfolded proteins. If the stress condition is overwhelmed, then UPR signaling shifts to apoptotic pathways. However, cancer cells utilized these UPR signaling for their survival and progression as an adaptive mechanism. In this review, the authors discuss about the overview of ER stress and subsequent UPR signaling and various aspects of cancer as survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis in relation to UPR. Understanding the UPR signaling in relation to cancer will be further helpful in designing therapeutics against cancer.
分泌蛋白和跨膜蛋白在亚细胞细胞器（内质网，ER）中经历翻译后修饰和折叠，以成为具有功能活性的蛋白。各种因素，如高氧化应激、低糖、钙失衡和病毒感染，会干扰 ER 蛋白折叠功能，导致未折叠和错误折叠蛋白的积累，从而激活下游信号转导途径，称为未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）。这种 UPR 信号是适应性的，通过减少蛋白质合成、增加 ER 折叠能力和降解错误折叠蛋白来恢复细胞的正常功能。如果应激条件无法承受，那么 UPR 信号就会转向细胞凋亡途径。然而，癌细胞利用这些 UPR 信号来生存和发展，作为一种适应性机制。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了 ER 应激及其随后的 UPR 信号以及与 UPR 相关的癌症的各个方面，如生存、增殖和血管生成。了解 UPR 信号与癌症的关系将有助于设计针对癌症的治疗方法。
