Boxberger Tobias, Fleming Kevin, Pittore Massimiliano, Parolai Stefano, Pilz Marco, Mikulla Stefan
Helmholtz Center Potsdam-GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtzstrasse 7, 14467 Potsdam, Germany.
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C-34010-Sgonico (TS ), Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2017 Oct 20;17(10):2400. doi: 10.3390/s17102400.
The Multi-Parameter Wireless Sensing (MPwise) system is an innovative instrumental design that allows different sensor types to be combined with relatively high-performance computing and communications components. These units, which incorporate off-the-shelf components, can undertake complex information integration and processing tasks at the individual unit or node level (when used in a network), allowing the establishment of networks that are linked by advanced, robust and rapid communications routing and network topologies. The system (and its predecessors) was originally designed for earthquake risk mitigation, including earthquake early warning (EEW), rapid response actions, structural health monitoring, and site-effect characterization. For EEW, MPwise units are capable of on-site, decentralized, independent analysis of the recorded ground motion and based on this, may issue an appropriate warning, either by the unit itself or transmitted throughout a network by dedicated alarming procedures. The multi-sensor capabilities of the system allow it to be instrumented with standard strong- and weak-motion sensors, broadband sensors, MEMS (namely accelerometers), cameras, temperature and humidity sensors, and GNSS receivers. In this work, the MPwise hardware, software and communications schema are described, as well as an overview of its possible applications. While focusing on earthquake risk mitigation actions, the aim in the future is to expand its capabilities towards a more multi-hazard and risk mitigation role. Overall, MPwise offers considerable flexibility and has great potential in contributing to natural hazard risk mitigation.
多参数无线传感（MPwise）系统是一种创新的仪器设计，它允许将不同类型的传感器与高性能的计算和通信组件相结合。这些单元采用现成的组件，能够在单个单元或节点级别（在网络中使用时）承担复杂的信息集成和处理任务，从而能够建立通过先进、强大且快速的通信路由和网络拓扑连接的网络。该系统（及其前身）最初是为减轻地震风险而设计的，包括地震早期预警（EEW）、快速响应行动、结构健康监测和场地效应特征描述。对于地震早期预警，MPwise单元能够对记录的地面运动进行现场、分散、独立的分析，并基于此，通过单元本身或通过专用警报程序在整个网络中传输，发出适当的警报。该系统的多传感器功能使其能够配备标准的强震和弱震传感器、宽带传感器、MEMS（即加速度计）、摄像头、温度和湿度传感器以及全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收器。在这项工作中，描述了MPwise的硬件、软件和通信架构，以及对其可能应用的概述。在专注于减轻地震风险行动的同时，未来的目标是将其能力扩展到更具多灾种和风险减轻的角色。总体而言，MPwise具有相当大的灵活性，在为减轻自然灾害风险做出贡献方面具有巨大潜力。
