Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha, CZ-128 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic.
Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Trends Plant Sci. 2017 Dec;22(12):1041-1055. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.011. Epub 2017 Oct 17.
Mixed-ploidy species harbor a unique form of genomic and phenotypic variation that influences ecological interactions, facilitates genetic divergence, and offers insights into the mechanisms of polyploid evolution. However, there have been few attempts to synthesize this literature. We review here research on the cytotype distribution, diversity, and dynamics of intensively studied mixed-ploidy species and consider the implications for understanding mechanisms of polyploidization such as cytotype formation, establishment, coexistence, and post-polyploid divergence. In general, mixed-ploidy species are unevenly represented among families: they exhibit high cytotype diversity, often within populations, and frequently comprise rare and odd-numbered ploidies. Odd-ploidies often occur in association with asexuality. We highlight research hypotheses and opportunities that take advantage of the unique properties of ploidy variation.
混倍体物种具有独特的基因组和表型变异形式，影响着生态相互作用、促进遗传分化，并为多倍体进化的机制提供了深入的见解。然而，目前很少有尝试来综合这些文献。我们在这里回顾了对高度研究的混倍体物种的细胞型分布、多样性和动态的研究，并考虑了这些研究对理解多倍体化机制的意义，如细胞型形成、建立、共存和多倍体化后的分化。总的来说，混倍体物种在家族中的代表性并不均衡：它们表现出高度的细胞型多样性，通常在种群内，并且经常包含罕见的和奇数倍的倍性。奇数倍性通常与无性繁殖有关。我们强调了利用倍性变异的独特性质的研究假设和机会。
