Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0840, USA; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2018 Jan 7;63:369-387. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043103. Epub 2017 Oct 20.
The muscid genus Philornis comprises approximately 50 described species of flies, nearly all of which are obligate parasites of nestling birds. Philornis species are native to the Neotropics and widely distributed from Florida to Argentina. Most research on this group has focused on P. downsi, which was introduced to the Galápagos Islands in the late twentieth century. Although Philornis parasitism kills nestlings in several native host species, nowhere do the effects seem more severe than in P. downsi in the Galápagos. Here, we review studies of native and introduced Philornis in an attempt to identify factors that may influence virulence and consider implications for the conservation of hosts in the Galápagos.
蝇科 Philornis 属约有 50 种已描述的蝇类，几乎都是雏鸟的专性寄生虫。Philornis 种原产于新热带地区，分布范围从佛罗里达州到阿根廷。该类群的大多数研究都集中在 P. downsi 上，它于 20 世纪末被引入加拉帕戈斯群岛。尽管 Philornis 寄生会杀死几种本地宿主的雏鸟，但在加拉帕戈斯群岛的 P. downsi 中，其影响似乎更为严重。在这里，我们回顾了对本地和引入的 Philornis 的研究，试图确定可能影响毒力的因素，并考虑对加拉帕戈斯群岛宿主保护的影响。
