Pike Courtney L, Ramirez Ismael E, Anchundia David J, Fessl Birgit, Heimpel George E, Causton Charlotte E
Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador.
Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna Austria.
J Insect Behav. 2021;34(5-6):296-311. doi: 10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7. Epub 2021 Nov 17.
The Avian Vampire Fly, , has invaded the Galapagos Islands, where it causes high mortality of endemic and native landbird species, including most species of Darwin's finches. Control methods are under development, but key information is missing about the reproductive biology of and the behavior of flies in and near nests of their hosts. We used external and internal nest cameras to record the behavior of adults within and outside nests of the Galapagos Flycatcher, , throughout all stages of the nesting cycle. These recordings showed that visited flycatcher nests throughout the day with higher fly activity during the nestling phase during vespertine hours. The observations also revealed that multiple individuals can visit nests concurrently, and that there are some interactions among these flies within the nest. Fly visitation to nests occurred significantly more often while parent birds were away from the nest than in the nest, and this timing appears to be a strategy to avoid predation by parent birds. We report fly mating behavior outside the nest but not in the nest cavity. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the adaptive forces shaping life history strategies as well as rearing and control measures.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7.
食虫虻已入侵加拉帕戈斯群岛，在那里它导致当地特有和本土陆鸟物种的高死亡率，包括大多数达尔文雀类。控制方法正在研发中，但关于食虫虻的生殖生物学以及其在宿主巢穴内和附近的行为的关键信息缺失。我们使用外部和内部巢穴摄像头记录了加拉帕戈斯捕蝇鸟筑巢周期各阶段内和巢外成年食虫虻的行为。这些记录显示，食虫虻全天都会光顾捕蝇鸟巢穴，在雏鸟期的傍晚时分活动更为频繁。观察还发现，多个食虫虻个体可以同时光顾巢穴，并且这些苍蝇在巢穴内会有一些互动。食虫虻光顾巢穴的情况在亲鸟离开巢穴时比在巢内时明显更频繁，这种时机选择似乎是一种避免被亲鸟捕食的策略。我们报告了食虫虻在巢外而非巢腔内的交配行为。我们讨论了这些发现对于塑造食虫虻生活史策略以及饲养和控制措施的适应性力量的相关性。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7获取的补充材料。
