Ghagane Shridhar C, Puranik Sridevi I, Gan Siew Hua, Hiremath Murigendra B, Nerli R B, Ravishankar M V
Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Belagavi-590010, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, India.
Hum Antibodies. 2017;26(3):135-142. doi: 10.3233/HAB-170331.
With the flourishing of innovation in drug discovery into a new era of personalized therapy, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various ailments lies at the forefront. Major improvements in genetic sequencing and biomedical techniques as well as research into mAbs emphasize on determining new targets for advanced therapy while maximizing efficacy for clinical application. However, a balance has to be achieved concerning developing a target with low toxicity combined with high specificity and versatility, to allow a specific antibody to facilitate several biotic effects, ranging from neutralization of virus mechanisms to modulation of immune response and maintaining low global economic cost. Presently, there are approximately 30 mAbs' permitted for therapeutic use with many more being tested in clinical trials. Nevertheless, the heavy cost of mAbs' production, stowage and management as well as the subsequent hindrances to their development are outweighed by mAbs' clinical advantages. Compared to conventional drugs, since mAbs use as pharmacologic iotas have specific physical features and modes of action, they should be considered as a discrete therapeutic category. In this review, the history of mAb generation and the innovative technological applications of mAbs that has advanced in clinical practices is reviewed.
随着药物研发创新蓬勃发展进入个性化治疗新时代，单克隆抗体（mAb）在各种疾病治疗中的应用处于前沿地位。基因测序和生物医学技术的重大进步以及对单克隆抗体的研究，着重于确定先进治疗的新靶点，同时最大化临床应用的疗效。然而，必须在开发具有低毒性、高特异性和多功能性的靶点之间取得平衡，以使特定抗体能够促进多种生物效应，从病毒机制的中和到免疫反应的调节，并保持较低的全球经济成本。目前，约有30种单克隆抗体被批准用于治疗，还有更多正在临床试验中进行测试。尽管如此，单克隆抗体生产、储存和管理的高昂成本以及随后对其开发的阻碍，仍被单克隆抗体的临床优势所抵消。与传统药物相比，由于单克隆抗体作为药理学单位具有特定的物理特性和作用方式，它们应被视为一个独立的治疗类别。在本综述中，回顾了单克隆抗体制备的历史以及在临床实践中取得进展的单克隆抗体的创新技术应用。
