Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, Jilin Province, China.
Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, Jilin Province, China.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018 Nov;83:95-105. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.020. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Plant pathogens represent a huge threat to world food security, affecting both crop production and quality. Although significant progress has been made in improving plant immunity by expressing key, defense-related genes and proteins from different species in transgenic crops, a challenge remains for molecular breeders and biotechnologists to successfully engineer elite, transgenic crop varieties with improved resistance against critical plant pathogens. Upon pathogen attack, including infection of rice (Oryza sativa) by Magnaporthe oryzae, host plants initiate a complex defense response at molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. Plants perceive the presence of pathogens by detecting microbe-associated molecular patterns via pattern recognition receptors, and initiate a first line of innate immunity, the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). This results in a series of downstream defense responses, including the production of hormones, which collectively function to fend off pathogen attacks. A variety of studies have demonstrated that many genes are involved in the defense response of rice to M. oryzae. In this review, the current understanding of mechanisms that improve rice defense response to M. oryzae will be discussed, with special focus on PTI and the phytohormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid; as well as on the mediation of defense signaling mechanisms by PTI and these hormones. Potential target genes that may serve as promising candidates for improving rice immunity against M. oryzae will also be discussed.
植物病原体对世界粮食安全构成巨大威胁，影响作物的生产和质量。尽管通过在转基因作物中表达来自不同物种的关键防御相关基因和蛋白质来提高植物免疫力方面已经取得了重大进展，但分子育种家和生物技术人员仍然面临着一项挑战，即成功地工程改造具有改良抗性的优良转基因作物品种，以抵御关键植物病原体。在病原体攻击时，包括稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）感染水稻，宿主植物在分子、生化和生理水平上启动复杂的防御反应。植物通过模式识别受体检测微生物相关分子模式来感知病原体的存在，并启动第一道先天免疫，即所谓的模式触发免疫（PTI）。这导致一系列下游防御反应，包括激素的产生，这些反应共同抵御病原体的攻击。许多研究已经表明，许多基因参与了水稻对稻瘟病菌的防御反应。在本文综述中，将讨论提高水稻对稻瘟病菌防御反应的机制，特别关注 PTI 和植物激素乙烯、茉莉酸、水杨酸和脱落酸，以及 PTI 和这些激素对防御信号机制的介导作用。还将讨论可能作为改良水稻对稻瘟病菌免疫力的有前途候选基因的潜在靶基因。
