Kavaliers M
Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Brain Res Bull. 1988 Dec;21(6):923-31. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(88)90030-5.
The ability to detect and respond to aversive environmental stimuli is a basic feature of animals that is expressed in the term 'nociception.' Nociception and nociceptive responses provide an index of the sensitivity of individuals to aversive physical stimuli. Measurements of alterations in nociceptive responses (antinociception and analgesia) are commonly used to monitor the behavioral and physiological status of animals following experimental manipulation that usually, but not always, involve exposure to either noxious, stressful or potentially stressful physical and/or biological stimuli. This review briefly considers: i) the phylogenetic development of nociceptive responses and behaviors ii) evolutionary and comparative patterns of the neuromodulation of nociceptive behaviors by opioid peptides and other nonopioid peptidal regulatory mechanisms; iii) the effects of various biological variables, including; age, development, sex, and temporal factors (biological rhythms) on nociception in rodents.
检测并对厌恶的环境刺激做出反应的能力是动物的一个基本特征，这一特征用术语“伤害感受”来表述。伤害感受和伤害性反应提供了个体对厌恶物理刺激敏感性的指标。伤害性反应改变（抗伤害感受和镇痛）的测量通常用于监测动物在实验操作后的行为和生理状态，这些实验操作通常（但并非总是）涉及暴露于有害、应激或潜在应激的物理和/或生物刺激。本综述简要探讨：i）伤害性反应和行为的系统发育发展；ii）阿片肽和其他非阿片肽调节机制对伤害性行为进行神经调节的进化和比较模式；iii）包括年龄、发育、性别和时间因素（生物节律）在内的各种生物学变量对啮齿动物伤害感受的影响。
