Sneddon Lynne U
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, The BioScience Building, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 7ZB, UK.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2004 Oct;46(2):123-30. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.007.
Nociception is an important sensory system of major fundamental and clinical relevance. The nociceptive system of higher vertebrates is well studied with a wealth of information about nociceptor properties, involvement of the central nervous system and the in vivo responses to a noxious experience are already characterised. However, relatively little is known about nociception in lower vertebrates and this review brings together a variety of studies to understand how this information can inform the evolution of nociception in vertebrates. It has been demonstrated that teleost fish possess nociceptors innervated by the trigeminal nerve and that these are physiologically similar to those found in higher vertebrates. Opioid receptors and endogenous opioids are found in the brain and spinal cord of the fishes and morphine blocks avoidance learning using electric shock as well as reducing nociceptive behavioural and physiological responses to noxious stimulation. Comparative analysis of the fishes and higher vertebrates show that fish possess less C fibres than higher vertebrates. The electrophysiological properties of fish nociceptors are almost identical to those found in higher vertebrates suggesting the evolution of these properties occurred before the emergence of the fish groups.
伤害感受是一个具有重要基础和临床意义的重要感觉系统。高等脊椎动物的伤害感受系统已得到充分研究，关于伤害感受器特性、中枢神经系统的参与以及对有害刺激的体内反应等方面已有大量信息。然而，对于低等脊椎动物的伤害感受了解相对较少，本综述汇集了各种研究，以了解这些信息如何为脊椎动物伤害感受的进化提供依据。已经证明，硬骨鱼拥有由三叉神经支配的伤害感受器，并且这些感受器在生理上与高等脊椎动物中的相似。在鱼类的大脑和脊髓中发现了阿片受体和内源性阿片类物质，吗啡可阻断使用电击的回避学习，并减少对有害刺激的伤害感受行为和生理反应。鱼类与高等脊椎动物的比较分析表明，鱼类的C纤维比高等脊椎动物少。鱼类伤害感受器的电生理特性与高等脊椎动物中发现的几乎相同，这表明这些特性的进化发生在鱼类群体出现之前。
