Schott Whitney, Aurino Elisabetta, Penny Mary E, Behrman Jere R
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Imperial College London and Young Lives, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Oct 24. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13455.
We investigated intergenerational associations of adolescent mothers' and grandmothers' anthropometrics and schooling with adolescent mothers' offspring's anthropometrics in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. We examined birthweight (n = 283), birthweight Z-score (BWZ), conditional growth in weight-for-age Z-score (cWAZ, residuals from a regression of WAZ at last survey round on BWZ, sex, and age), and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) of children born to older cohort adolescent girls in the Young Lives study. Our key independent variables were adolescent mothers' body size: HAZ and body-mass-index-for-age Z-score (BMIZ) at age 8, conditional HAZ (cHAZ, residuals from a regression of HAZ at the end of a growth period on prior HAZ, age, and sex), conditional BMIZ growth (cBMIZ, calculated analogously), and grandmaternal BMIZ, HAZ, and schooling. We adjusted for child, maternal, and household characteristics. Adolescent mothers' cHAZ (ages 8-15) predicted birthweight (β = 130 g, 95% confidence interval (CI) 31-228), BWZ (β = 0.31, CI 0.09-0.53), and cWAZ (β = 0.28, CI 0.04-0.51). Adolescent mothers' BMIZ at age 8 predicted birthweight (β = 79 g, CI 16-43) and BWZ (β = 0.22, CI 0.08-0.36). Adolescent mothers' cBMIZ (ages 12-15) predicted child cWAZ and HAZ. Grandmothers' schooling predicted grandchild birthweight (β = 22 g, CI 1-44) and BWZ (β = 0.05, CI 0.01-0.10).
我们在埃塞俄比亚、印度、秘鲁和越南调查了青少年母亲及其祖母的人体测量学指标和受教育程度与青少年母亲后代人体测量学指标之间的代际关联。我们在“年轻生活”研究中，对年龄较大队列的青少年女孩所生孩子的出生体重（n = 283）、出生体重Z评分（BWZ）、年龄别体重Z评分的条件生长（cWAZ，上次调查轮次WAZ对BWZ、性别和年龄回归的残差）以及年龄别身高Z评分（HAZ）进行了研究。我们的关键自变量是青少年母亲的身体尺寸：8岁时的HAZ和年龄别体重指数Z评分（BMIZ）、条件HAZ（cHAZ，生长期结束时HAZ对先前HAZ、年龄和性别的回归残差）、条件BMIZ生长（cBMIZ，类似计算），以及祖母的BMIZ、HAZ和受教育程度。我们对儿童、母亲和家庭特征进行了调整。青少年母亲的cHAZ（8至15岁）可预测出生体重（β = 130克，95%置信区间（CI）31 - 228）、BWZ（β = 0.31，CI 0.09 - 0.53）和cWAZ（β = 0.28，CI 0.04 - 0.51）。青少年母亲8岁时的BMIZ可预测出生体重（β = 79克，CI 16 - 43）和BWZ（β = 0.22，CI 0.08 - 0.36）。青少年母亲的cBMIZ（12至15岁）可预测儿童的cWAZ和HAZ。祖母的受教育程度可预测孙辈的出生体重（β = 22克，CI 1 - 44）和BWZ（β = 0.05，CI 0.01 - 0.10）。
