Anokhina I P, Kogan B M, Drozdov A Z
All-Union Research Center on Medico-Biological Problems of Narcology, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1988;23(5):343-50. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a044827.
Dopamine content of blood, activity of adenylate- and guanylate cyclases in platelets and lymphocytes, catechol-O-methyltransferase in erythrocytes, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in blood plasma, monoamine oxidase in platelets, cAMP and cGMP content of blood, and the intensity of 3H-DA uptake by platelets have been investigated in alcoholic patients at different clinical states. Most of these indices have been studied in the brain and blood of rats displaying different affinities to alcohol. The results indicate that, in addition to the previously described disturbances of DA turnover, changes occur in the functions of enzyme and receptor systems involved in the mechanism of catecholamine neuromediation. Rats preferring and avoiding alcohol exhibit different DA and cyclic nucleotide concentrations in the blood and a trend towards different activity of some enzymes in the brain. It is suggested that: (1) the disturbances in the regulation of catecholamine neuromediation are involved in the mechanism of development of alcohol dependence; (2) the genetically-determined abnormalities of catecholamine neuromediation may contribute to an individual's attitude to alcohol.
研究了处于不同临床状态的酒精性患者血液中的多巴胺含量、血小板和淋巴细胞中腺苷酸环化酶及鸟苷酸环化酶的活性、红细胞中的儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶、血浆中的多巴胺-β-羟化酶、血小板中的单胺氧化酶、血液中的cAMP和cGMP含量以及血小板对3H-DA的摄取强度。其中大部分指标已在对酒精表现出不同亲和力的大鼠的大脑和血液中进行了研究。结果表明，除了先前描述的多巴胺代谢紊乱外，参与儿茶酚胺神经调节机制的酶和受体系统的功能也发生了变化。偏好酒精和回避酒精的大鼠在血液中表现出不同的多巴胺和环核苷酸浓度，并且大脑中某些酶的活性有不同的变化趋势。研究表明：（1）儿茶酚胺神经调节的调节紊乱参与了酒精依赖的发生机制；（2）儿茶酚胺神经调节的遗传决定异常可能导致个体对酒精的态度。
