C'MoN, Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Torino, Italy.
C'MoN, Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Torino, Italy.
Phys Life Rev. 2018 Mar;24:67-80. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Is it possible to perceive others' mental states? Are mental states visible in others' behavior? In contrast to the traditional view that mental states are hidden and not directly accessible to perception, in recent years a phenomenologically-motivated account of social cognition has emerged: direct social perception. However, despite numerous published articles that both defend and critique direct perception, researchers have made little progress in articulating the conditions under which direct perception of others' mental states is possible. This paper proposes an empirically anchored approach to the observability of others' mentality - not just in the weak sense of discussing relevant empirical evidence for and against the phenomenon of interest, but also, and more specifically, in the stronger sense of identifying an experimental strategy for measuring the observability of mental states and articulating the conditions under which mental states are observable. We conclude this article by reframing the problem of direct perception in terms of establishing a definable and measurable relationship between movement features and perceived mental states.
是否有可能感知他人的心理状态？他人的行为中是否能看出心理状态？与传统观点认为心理状态是隐藏的、无法直接感知的观点相反，近年来出现了一种基于现象学的社会认知理论：直接社会感知。然而，尽管有许多发表的文章既为直接感知辩护，也对其提出批评，但研究人员在阐明直接感知他人心理状态的条件方面几乎没有取得进展。本文提出了一种基于经验的方法来研究他人心理的可观察性——不仅是在讨论与感兴趣的现象相关的经验证据的意义上，而且更具体地说，是在确定一种实验策略来衡量心理状态的可观察性并阐明可观察心理状态的条件的意义上。最后，我们通过将直接感知的问题重新表述为在运动特征和感知到的心理状态之间建立一个可定义和可测量的关系来结束本文。
