Biskup Izabela, Gajcy Magdalena, Fecka Izabela
Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017 Sep;26(6):1013-1019. doi: 10.17219/acem/61665.
Diet is an important lifestyle factor which influences people's health and the prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Cereal-based foods constitute the main component of the everyday diet worldwide. Old cereal species like spelt (Triticum spelta L.) are becoming more and more popular, especially in Europe. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds from spelt and their possible biological mechanisms of action in glycemic control. Spelt grain contains a high amount of dietary fiber, which can modulate postprandial glycemia. Other phytochemicals, such as phytic acid and alkylresorcinols, also contribute to controlling blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity and hiperinsulinemia. Antioxidant compounds present in spelt grain may act as protection from negative outcomes of chronic hyperglycemia. In this paper the composition and beneficial properties of spelt are also compared with those of widely consumed cereals like common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The health benefits of whole grain as opposed to refined products are also discussed.
饮食是一个重要的生活方式因素，会影响人们的健康以及对2型糖尿病等慢性疾病的预防。谷物类食品是全球日常饮食的主要组成部分。古老的谷物品种如二粒小麦（Triticum spelta L.）正变得越来越受欢迎，尤其是在欧洲。这篇综述聚焦于二粒小麦生物活性化合物的作用及其在血糖控制中可能的生物学作用机制。二粒小麦籽粒含有大量膳食纤维，可调节餐后血糖。其他植物化学物质，如植酸和烷基间苯二酚，也有助于控制血糖水平、胰岛素敏感性和高胰岛素血症。二粒小麦籽粒中存在的抗氧化化合物可能起到保护作用，防止慢性高血糖带来的负面后果。本文还将二粒小麦的成分和有益特性与广泛食用的谷物如普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）进行了比较。同时也讨论了全谷物相对于精制产品的健康益处。
