Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Avenida Carlos III, S.N., 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Chem Rev. 2017 Nov 22;117(22):13639-13720. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00422. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
Silica-based materials (SBMs) are widely used in catalysis, photonics, and drug delivery. Their pores and cavities act as hosts of diverse guests ranging from classical dyes to drugs and quantum dots, allowing changes in the photochemical behavior of the confined guests. The heterogeneity of the guest populations as well as the confinement provided by these hosts affect the behavior of the formed hybrid materials. As a consequence, the observed reaction dynamics becomes significantly different and complex. Studying their photobehavior requires advanced laser-based spectroscopy and microscopy techniques as well as computational methods. Thanks to the development of ultrafast (spectroscopy and imaging) tools, we are witnessing an increasing interest of the scientific community to explore the intimate photobehavior of these composites. Here, we review the recent theoretical and ultrafast experimental studies of their photodynamics and discuss the results in comparison to those in homogeneous media. The discussion of the confined dynamics includes solvation and intra- and intermolecular proton-, electron-, and energy transfer events of the guest within the SBMs. Several examples of applications in photocatalysis, (photo)sensors, photonics, photovoltaics, and drug delivery demonstrate the vast potential of the SBMs in modern science and technology.
基于硅的材料（SBMs）广泛应用于催化、光子学和药物输送领域。它们的孔和腔作为各种客体的宿主，从经典染料到药物和量子点，允许被限制的客体的光化学行为发生变化。客体种群的异质性以及这些主体提供的限制，影响了形成的杂化材料的行为。因此，观察到的反应动力学变得显著不同和复杂。研究它们的光行为需要先进的基于激光的光谱学和显微镜技术以及计算方法。由于超快（光谱学和成像）工具的发展，我们看到科学界对探索这些复合材料的内在光行为的兴趣日益增加。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于它们光动力学的理论和超快实验研究，并将结果与均相介质中的结果进行了比较。受限动力学的讨论包括客体在 SBMs 中的溶剂化以及质子、电子和能量的分子内和分子间转移事件。在光催化、（光）传感器、光子学、光伏和药物输送中的几个应用示例证明了 SBMs 在现代科学技术中的巨大潜力。
