Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Child and Adolescent Gender Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Dec;59(12):1228-1243. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12833. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
Pediatric gender identity has gained increased attention over the past several years in the popular media, political arena, and medical literature. This article reviews terminology in this evolving field, traditional models of gender identity development and their limitations, epidemiology and natural history of cross-gender identification among children and adolescents, co-occurring conditions and behaviors, research into the biological and psychosocial determinants of cross-gender identification, and research into the options regarding and benefits of clinical approaches to gender incongruent youth.
Based on a critical review of the extant literature, both theoretical and empirical, that addresses the issue of pediatric gender identity, the authors synthesized what is presently known and what is in need of further research in order to elucidate the developmental trajectory and clinical needs of gender diverse youth.
The field of pediatric gender identity has evolved substantially over the past several years. New research suggests that cross-gender identification is prevalent (approximately 1% of youth). These youth suffer disproportionately high rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Although research into the etiology of cross-gender identification is limited, emerging data have shown that affirmative treatment protocols may improve the high rates of mental health difficulties seen among these patients.
The field of pediatric gender identity has evolved dramatically. Emerging data suggest that these patients' high rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidality appear to be improved with affirmative protocols, although future longitudinal data are needed.
在过去的几年中，儿科性别认同在大众媒体、政治领域和医学文献中受到了越来越多的关注。本文回顾了这一不断发展的领域中的术语，传统的性别认同发展模式及其局限性，儿童和青少年跨性别认同的流行病学和自然史、共病和行为、跨性别认同的生物学和社会心理决定因素的研究，以及针对性别不一致的青年的临床方法的选择和益处的研究。
基于对现有文献的批判性回顾，包括理论和实证研究，作者综合了目前已知的和需要进一步研究的内容，以阐明性别多样化青年的发展轨迹和临床需求。
儿科性别认同领域在过去几年中发生了重大变化。新的研究表明，跨性别认同很普遍（约占青年的 1%）。这些年轻人遭受着不成比例的高焦虑、抑郁和自杀率。尽管对跨性别认同的病因学研究有限，但新出现的数据表明，肯定性的治疗方案可能会改善这些患者中普遍存在的心理健康问题。
儿科性别认同领域发生了巨大变化。新出现的数据表明，这些患者的高焦虑、抑郁和自杀率似乎可以通过肯定性的方案得到改善，尽管需要进一步的纵向数据。
