Fujibayashi Nobuaki, Otsuka Mitsuo, Yoshioka Shinsuke, Isaka Tadao
Faculty of Sport Study, Biwako Seikei Sports College, Otsu-city, Japan.
Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu-city, Japan -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Dec;58(12):1741-1751. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07833-1. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
The present study aims to cross-sectionally clarify the characteristics of the motions of an inverted pendulum model, a stance leg, a swing leg and arms in different triple-jumping techniques to understand whether or not hop displacement is relatively longer rather than step and jump displacements.
Eighteen male athletes performed the triple jump with a full run-up. Based on the technique of the jumpers, they were classified as hop-dominated (N.=10) or balance (N.=8) jumpers. The kinematic data were calculated using motion capture and compared between the two techniques using the inverted pendulum model.
The hop-dominated jumpers had a significantly longer hop displacement and faster vertical center-of-mass (COM) velocity of their whole body at hop take-off, which was generated by faster rotation behaviors of inverted pendulum model and faster swinging behaviors of arms. Conversely, balance jumpers had a significantly longer jump displacement and faster horizontal COM velocity of their whole body at take-off, which was generated by a stiffer inverted pendulum model and stance leg.
The results demonstrate that hop-dominated and balance jumpers enhanced each dominated-jump displacement using different swing- and stance-leg motions. This information may help to enhance the actual displacement of triple jumpers using different jumping techniques.
本研究旨在通过横断面研究阐明不同三级跳远技术中倒立摆模型、支撑腿、摆动腿和手臂的运动特征，以了解单足跳位移是否相对比跨步跳和跳跃位移更长。
18名男性运动员进行了全程助跑的三级跳远。根据运动员的技术，将他们分为以单足跳为主（N = 10）或平衡型（N = 8）的跳远运动员。使用运动捕捉计算运动学数据，并使用倒立摆模型在两种技术之间进行比较。
以单足跳为主的跳远运动员在单足跳起跳时具有明显更长的单足跳位移和更快的全身垂直质心（COM）速度，这是由倒立摆模型更快的旋转行为和手臂更快的摆动行为产生的。相反，平衡型跳远运动员在起跳时具有明显更长的跳跃位移和更快的全身水平COM速度，这是由更僵硬的倒立摆模型和支撑腿产生的。
结果表明，以单足跳为主和平衡型的跳远运动员通过不同的摆动腿和支撑腿动作增强了各自的主导跳位移。这些信息可能有助于使用不同跳跃技术的三级跳远运动员提高实际位移。
