Ghantous Yasmine, Abu Elnaaj Imad
The Padeh Baruch Medical Center, Poriya.
Harefuah. 2017 Oct;156(10):645-649.
Cancer of the oral cavity (Oral cancer) is the 11th most common malignancy in the world. Despite the general global trend of a slight decrease in the incidence of oral cancer, tongue cancer incidence is increasing. The incidence and mortality caused by this tumor show variability according to the geographic location in which it is diagnosed. However, in the last decade an increase was observed in the percentage of young patients, especially patients with tongue cancer. The main risk factors of head and neck cancer worldwide are smoking and alcohol, as well as DNA oncogenic viruses and habits, such as betel nut.
Data were collected from worldwide databases, such as Survival Epidemiology and End Result (SEER), The National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS) and GLOBCAN (2012) IARC.
In 2012, 369,200 new cases of oral cancer were reported worldwide, with two-thirds of the tumors diagnosed in developing countries. These tumors are responsible for approximately 145,328 deaths worldwide per year. The highest incidence of these cancers is mainly reported in South and Southeast Asia and some countries in southern Europe. Prevalence and clinical pattern of OSCC varies greatly, depending on geographical location while diagnosed.
As described in our review, the incidence of and mortality due to oral tumors pose a significant health problem in many aspects all around the world, and differences exist in the behavior of these tumors. We witnessed more cases of anterior tongue cancers mainly affecting the young age patient group. Several countries in Europe showed a significant increase in oral cancer prevalence, such as in Germany. Studies have reported an alarming lack of awareness about oral cancer, its symptoms, causes, and these gaps in knowledge need to be addressed by further public education, possibly targeted to high-risk groups. With the awareness to risk factors, primary prevention through the elimination of tobacco consumption, moderation of alcohol intake and chemoprevention are urgently needed.
口腔癌是全球第11大常见恶性肿瘤。尽管全球口腔癌发病率总体呈略有下降的趋势，但舌癌的发病率却在上升。该肿瘤导致的发病率和死亡率因诊断所在的地理位置而异。然而，在过去十年中，年轻患者的比例有所增加，尤其是舌癌患者。全球范围内，头颈癌的主要风险因素包括吸烟、饮酒，以及DNA致癌病毒和槟榔等习惯。
数据收集自全球数据库，如生存、流行病学和最终结果数据库（SEER）、国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）和全球癌症负担（2012年）国际癌症研究机构（IARC）。
2012年，全球报告了369,200例口腔癌新病例，其中三分之二的肿瘤在发展中国家被诊断出来。这些肿瘤每年在全球导致约145,328人死亡。这些癌症的最高发病率主要报告在南亚和东南亚以及南欧的一些国家。口腔鳞状细胞癌的患病率和临床模式因诊断时的地理位置而异。
正如我们综述中所描述的，口腔肿瘤的发病率和死亡率在全球许多方面都构成了重大的健康问题，并且这些肿瘤的行为存在差异。我们观察到更多主要影响年轻患者群体的前舌癌病例。欧洲的几个国家口腔癌患病率显著上升，如德国。研究报告称，人们对口腔癌及其症状、病因的认识令人担忧地缺乏，需要通过进一步的公众教育来解决这些知识差距，可能针对高危人群。鉴于对风险因素的认识，迫切需要通过消除烟草消费、适度饮酒和化学预防来进行一级预防。
