Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 26;18(11):2245. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112245.
The rapid development of genome modification technology has provided many great benefits in diverse areas of research and industry. Genome modification technologies have also been actively used in a variety of research areas and fields of industry in avian species. Transgenic technologies such as lentiviral systems and transposition have been used to produce transgenic birds for diverse purposes. In recent years, newly developed programmable genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have also been successfully adopted in avian systems with primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated genome modification. These genome modification technologies are expected to be applied to practical uses beyond system development itself. The technologies could be used to enhance economic traits in poultry such as acquiring a disease resistance or producing functional proteins in eggs. Furthermore, novel avian models of human diseases or embryonic development could also be established for research purposes. In this review, we discuss diverse genome modification technologies used in avian species, and future applications of avian biotechnology.
基因组修饰技术的快速发展在研究和工业的各个领域都提供了许多巨大的好处。基因组修饰技术也在禽类的各种研究领域和工业领域得到了积极的应用。慢病毒系统和转座等转基因技术已被用于生产各种目的的转基因鸟类。近年来，新开发的可编程基因组编辑工具，如转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶（TALEN）和簇状规律间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）/CRISPR 相关蛋白 9（CRISPR/Cas9），也已成功应用于原生殖细胞（PGC）介导的基因组修饰的禽类系统中。这些基因组修饰技术有望超越系统开发本身而应用于实际用途。这些技术可用于增强家禽的经济性状，如获得抗病性或在鸡蛋中生产功能性蛋白质。此外，还可以为研究目的建立新型人类疾病或胚胎发育的禽类模型。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在禽类中使用的各种基因组修饰技术，以及禽类生物技术的未来应用。
