Alemayehu Tinsae, Mekasha Amha, Abebe Tamrat
Department of Pediatrics and child health, College of health sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of health sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 26;12(10):e0187207. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187207. eCollection 2017.
Community nasal meningococcal carriage rates are high across Africa. Meningococcal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the continent; especially among children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibilities of meningococcal isolates from healthy Ethiopian children and adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected and processed for identification, serogrouping and testing susceptibilities for three antibiotics using standard microbiological techniques. Data on epidemiologic risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire and the magnitude of their association with carriage was assessed using bivariate and multivariate analysis.
A total of 240 samples were collected (115 from males and 125 from females). The mean age of study participants was 11.1 years. The prevalence of nasal carriage for Neisseria meningitidis was 20.4% (49/240). Carriage was significantly higher among children living under crowded conditions (OR 1.268; 95% CI: 1.186-1.355; p = 0.006). The predominant serogroups were W135-20/49 isolates (40.8%) and C-12/49 isolates (24.5%) and 83.7% of meningococci were sensitive for Ciprofloxacin. In contrast, isolates showed high resistance to Ceftriaxone (69.4%) while only 4.2% were sensitive for Penicillin. Multi-drug resistance was documented for 14.3% of the isolates.
Meningococcal carriage rate was found to be high with higher rates associated with children and adolescents living in crowded living conditions. Predominant isolates were of serogroup W135 and C and the isolates showed marked susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and resistance to Ceftriaxone and Penicillin.
非洲各地社区人群的脑膜炎球菌带菌率很高。脑膜炎球菌感染是该大陆发病和死亡的主要原因；尤其是在儿童和青少年中。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚健康儿童和青少年中脑膜炎球菌的鼻腔带菌率及分离株的抗生素敏感性。
在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的一个分区进行了一项横断面研究。采集鼻拭子并采用标准微生物技术进行鉴定、血清群分型及三种抗生素的敏感性检测。使用结构化问卷收集流行病学危险因素数据，并通过双变量和多变量分析评估其与带菌情况的关联程度。
共采集240份样本（男性115份，女性125份）。研究参与者的平均年龄为11.1岁。脑膜炎奈瑟菌的鼻腔带菌率为20.4%（49/240）。生活在拥挤环境中的儿童带菌率显著更高（比值比1.268；95%置信区间：1.186 - 1.355；p = 0.006）。主要血清群为W135 - 20/49分离株（40.8%）和C - 12/49分离株（24.5%），83.7%的脑膜炎球菌对环丙沙星敏感。相比之下，分离株对头孢曲松的耐药性较高（69.4%），而仅4.2%对青霉素敏感。14.3%的分离株存在多重耐药情况。
发现脑膜炎球菌带菌率很高，且生活在拥挤环境中的儿童和青少年带菌率更高。主要分离株为血清群W135和C，这些分离株对环丙沙星表现出明显的敏感性，而对头孢曲松和青霉素耐药。
