Parkhurst William J, Tanner Roger L, Weatherford Frances P, Valente Ralph J, Meagher James F
a Environmental Research & Services , Tennessee Valley Authority , Muscle Shoals , Alabama , USA.
b Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration , Boulder , Colorado , USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1999 Sep;49(9):1060-1067. doi: 10.1080/10473289.1999.10463894.
This report summarizes a PM/PM particulate matter data set consisting of 861 PM/PM sample pairs collected with dichotomous samplers by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) from 1982 to 1991. Eight monitoring stations, ranging from urban-industrial to rural-background, were operated across three east-central U.S. states. Annual average PM concentrations ranged from 12.6 to 21.3 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m), with an overall mean of 15.7 μg/m. Likewise, annual average PM concentrations ranged from 17.8 to 33.7 μg/m, with an overall mean of 23.7 μg/m. High summer-low winter seasonality was evident, particularly for PM, with the highest monthly PM and PM concentrations in August (26.4 and 37.5 μg/m, respectively) and the lowest in February (9.9 and 15.3 μg/m, respectively). A strong association (r = 0.84) was found between PM and PM mass with PM mass contributing, on average, 67% of PM mass. Applying TVA's PM/PM ratio to recent (1993-1995) regional high-volume PM Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) data for the east-central United States suggests that as many as 80% of monitored counties would have equaled or exceeded the level of the new annual PM metric of 15 μg/m. A decline in average PM mass on the order of 3-5 μg/m from 1982 through 1991 is also suggested. Daily PM mass appears to be reasonably well associated (r = 0.47) with maximum hourly ozone during the warmer months (spring through fall). Sulfate compounds comprise a major portion of the measured PM mass, with that fraction being highest in the summer months. Viewed collectively, these data suggest that although compliance with the annual and 24-hr PM and 24-hr PM metrics should prove readily attainable, the annual PM metric will present a major regulatory management challenge for much of the east-central United States.
本报告总结了一个颗粒物（PM）/细颗粒物（PM）数据集，该数据集由田纳西河谷管理局（TVA）在1982年至1991年期间使用二分采样器收集的861对PM/PM样本组成。在美国中东部的三个州运营了八个监测站，涵盖从城市工业到农村背景的区域。年平均PM浓度范围为每立方米12.6至21.3微克（μg/m³），总体平均值为15.7μg/m³。同样，年平均PM浓度范围为17.8至33.7μg/m³，总体平均值为23.7μg/m³。明显存在夏季高-冬季低的季节性变化，特别是对于PM而言，8月份的月均PM和PM浓度最高（分别为26.4和37.5μg/m³），2月份最低（分别为9.9和15.3μg/m³）。发现PM与PM质量之间存在很强的相关性（r = 0.84），PM质量平均占PM质量的67%。将TVA的PM/PM比率应用于美国中东部地区近期（1993 - 1995年）的区域大容量PM空气监测信息检索系统（AIRS）数据表明，多达80%的受监测县的数值将等于或超过新的年PM指标15μg/m³的水平。还表明从1982年到1991年平均PM质量下降了3 - 5μg/m³左右。在较温暖的月份（春季至秋季），每日PM质量似乎与每小时最大臭氧量有合理的相关性（r = 0.47）。硫酸盐化合物占所测PM质量的很大一部分，这一比例在夏季月份最高。总体来看，这些数据表明，尽管遵守年和24小时PM以及24小时PM指标应该很容易实现，但年PM指标将给美国中东部的大部分地区带来重大的监管管理挑战。
