Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Water Management, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Geo-environment Research, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Św. Jana 22, 31-018 Cracow, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;626:1474-1483. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.044. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
In a changing climate with a warming trend in air temperature, river water temperature increases as a result of heat exchange with the atmosphere. Moreover, of the different types of anthropogenic activity impacting rivers, the construction of dams appears to have multi-dimensional effects on the river environment, and it especially affects the thermal condition of rivers. The aim of the study is to identify and assess the impact of these two distinct sources of water temperature distortion in relation to the natural thermal conditions of rivers. In the study, linear trend analysis and a complex wavelet transform are used. The analysis focuses on daily river water temperature data for time periods before and after the construction of selected reservoirs in the Polish Carpathians, and on daily air temperature data for neighboring meteorological stations. Three rivers were selected for analysis: (1) Dunajec River, 22km downstream of the Czorsztyn-Sromowce Wyżne reservoir complex, (2) Ropa River, 16km downstream of the Klimkówka Reservoir, and (3) Wisłok River, 33km downstream of the Besko Reservoir. Research has shown that the significant increasing trends identified for water temperature are weaker than analogous trends in air temperature. The Czorsztyn-Sromowce Wyżne and Klimkówka reservoirs appear to exert considerable influence on natural air-water temperature synchronization, because the phase difference increases 5-fold in comparison with conditions prior to the construction of the reservoirs. The weakening of the natural air-water temperature synchrony implies diminished impact of air temperature on stream water temperature. However, this creates an opportunity for preparing appropriate management practices mitigating an increasing temperature trend in order to shape more favorable (natural) thermal conditions for native aquatic biota in impounded rivers.
在气候变化的背景下，空气温度呈上升趋势，河水温度也随之升高，这是由于与大气的热交换所致。此外，在影响河流的各种人为活动中，水坝的建设似乎对河流环境产生了多方面的影响，尤其影响了河流的热状况。本研究旨在识别和评估这两种不同的水温扭曲源对河流自然热状况的影响。在研究中，采用了线性趋势分析和复杂的小波变换。该分析侧重于选定的波兰喀尔巴阡山脉水库建设前后的河流日水温数据，以及相邻气象站的日气温数据。选择了三条河流进行分析：（1）Dunajec 河，在 Czorsztyn-Sromowce Wyżne 水库综合体下游 22 公里处，（2）Ropa 河，在 Klimkówka 水库下游 16 公里处，（3）Wisłok 河，在 Besko 水库下游 33 公里处。研究表明，识别出的水温显著上升趋势比类似的气温上升趋势要弱。Czorsztyn-Sromowce Wyżne 和 Klimkówka 水库似乎对自然的气-水温同步产生了相当大的影响，因为与水库建设前相比，相位差增加了 5 倍。自然气-水温同步的减弱意味着气温对河水温度的影响减小。然而，这为制定适当的管理措施提供了机会，以缓解水温上升的趋势，为受限制的河流中的本地水生生物塑造更有利的（自然）热条件。
