人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语工作记忆
Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants.
作者信息
Nittrouer Susan, Caldwell-Tarr Amanda, Low Keri E, Lowenstein Joanna H
机构信息
The University of Florida, Gainesville.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Nov 9;60(11):3342-3364. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0474.
PURPOSE
Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined.
PARTICIPANTS
Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier.
METHOD
A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition.
RESULTS
Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed.
CONCLUSIONS
The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code.
目的
研究人工耳蜗植入儿童和听力正常儿童的言语工作记忆。
参与者
93名四年级学生（47名听力正常，46名人工耳蜗植入者）参与研究，他们均参与了一项纵向研究，且在两年前已接受工作记忆评估。
方法
采用工作记忆的双成分模型，通过系列回忆任务测量存储和加工过程。潜在预测变量包括语音意识、词汇知识、非言语智商以及若干治疗变量。潜在依赖函数包括读写能力、表达性语言和噪声环境下的语音识别。
结果
人工耳蜗植入儿童在存储和加工方面存在缺陷，程度与二年级儿童相似。言语工作记忆的预测因素在不同组间存在差异：语音意识在听力正常儿童中解释的变异最多；词汇在人工耳蜗植入儿童中解释的变异最多。治疗变量解释的变异很少。就潜在依赖函数而言，一旦去除其他预测因素解释的变异，言语工作记忆解释的变异就很少了。
结论
人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语工作记忆缺陷是由信号退化引起的，这限制了他们获得语音意识的能力。这阻碍了他们使用语音编码存储信息的能力。
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