Research Institute for Organic Synthesis, Inc., 533 54 Rybitví, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Anal Chim Acta. 2017 Nov 15;993:1-21. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.050. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
The knowledge of metabolic pathways and biotransformation of xenobiotics, artificial substances foreign to the entire biological system, is crucial for elucidation of degradation routes of potentially toxic substances. Nowadays, there are many methods to simulate xenobiotic metabolism in the human body in vitro. In this review, the metabolism of various substances in the human body is described, followed by a summary of methods used for prediction of metabolic pathways and biotransformation. Above all, focus is placed on the coupling of electrochemistry to mass spectrometry, which is still a relatively new technique. This promising tool can mimic both oxidative phase I and conjugative phase II metabolism. Different experimental arrangements, with or without a separation step, and various applications of this technique are illustrated and critically reviewed.
阐明潜在毒性物质的降解途径，需要了解代谢途径和外来物质（生物体系之外的人工物质）的生物转化。目前，有许多在体外模拟人体中外来物质代谢的方法。本文首先描述了人体内各种物质的代谢，然后总结了预测代谢途径和生物转化的方法。重点介绍了将电化学与质谱联用，这是一种相对较新的技术。该方法可以模拟氧化相 I 和结合相 II 代谢。本文说明了不同的实验方案（有无分离步骤）及其在该技术中的各种应用，并进行了批判性的回顾。
