Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Ann Hepatol. 2017 Nov;16(Suppl. 1: s3-105.):s43-s52. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5496.
Bile acids (BA), for decades considered only to have fat-emulsifying functions in the gut lumen, have recently emerged as novel cardio-metabolic modulators. They have real endocrine effects, acting via multiple intracellular receptors in various organs and tissues. BA affect energy homeostasis through the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, predominantly by activating the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as the cytoplasmic membrane G protein-coupled BA receptor TGR5 in a variety of tissues; although numerous other intracellular targets of BA are also in play.The roles of BA in the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases are seriously being considered, and BA and their derivatives seem to represent novel potential therapeutics to treat these diseases of civilization.
胆汁酸（BA），几十年来仅被认为在肠腔内具有乳化脂肪的功能，最近已成为新型的心脏代谢调节剂。它们具有真正的内分泌作用，通过多种器官和组织中的多个细胞内受体发挥作用。BA 通过调节葡萄糖和脂质代谢来影响能量稳态，主要通过激活核法尼醇 X 受体（FXR）以及在各种组织中激活细胞质膜 G 蛋白偶联 BA 受体 TGR5 来实现；尽管 BA 的许多其他细胞内靶标也在起作用。BA 在糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征和心血管疾病的发病机制中的作用正受到认真考虑，BA 及其衍生物似乎代表了治疗这些文明病的新型潜在治疗方法。
