Adolph Chris, Barnett Sharon, Beall Melissa, Drake Jason, Elsemore David, Thomas Jennifer, Little Susan
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Animal Health, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Vet Parasitol. 2017 Nov 30;247:108-112. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Intestinal helminths are common in dogs in the United States, particularly non-treated dogs in animal shelters, but surveys by fecal flotation may underestimate their prevalence. To determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths and evaluate the ability of fecal flotation and detection of nematode antigen to identify those infections, contents of the entire gastrointestinal tract of 97 adult (>1year) dogs previously identified for humane euthanasia at two animal control shelters in northeastern Oklahoma, USA, were screened. All helminths recovered were washed in saline and fixed prior to enumeration and identification to genus and species. Fecal samples from each dog were examined by passive sodium nitrate (SG 1.33) and centrifugal sugar solution (SG 1.25) flotation. Fecal antigen detection assays were used to confirm the presence of nematode antigen in frozen fecal samples from 92 dogs. Necropsy examination revealed Ancylostoma caninum in 45/97 (46.4%), Toxocara canis in 11/97 (11.3%), Trichuris vulpis in 38/97 (39.2%), Dipylidium caninum in 48/97 (49.5%), and Taenia sp. in 7/97 (7.2%) dogs. Passive fecal flotation identified 38/45 (84.4%) A. caninum, 6/11 (54.5%) T. canis, 26/38 (68.4%) T. vulpis, 2/48 (4.2%) D. caninum, and 1/7 (14.3%) Taenia sp. infections, while centrifugal flotation combined with antigen detection assays identified A. caninum in 97.7% (43/44), T. canis in 77.8% (7/9), and T. vulpis in 83.3% (30/36) of infected dogs based on necropsy recovery of nematodes. Taken together, these data indicate that detection of nematode antigen is a useful adjunct to microscopic examination of fecal samples for parasite eggs, and that this approach can improve diagnostic sensitivity for intestinal nematode infections in dogs.
肠道蠕虫在美国的犬类中很常见，尤其是动物收容所中未接受治疗的犬，但粪便漂浮法调查可能会低估其感染率。为了确定肠道蠕虫的感染率，并评估粪便漂浮法和线虫抗原检测识别这些感染的能力，对美国俄克拉荷马州东北部两个动物控制收容所中97只先前因人道安乐死而被确认的成年（>1岁）犬的整个胃肠道内容物进行了筛查。所有回收的蠕虫均用盐水冲洗并固定，然后进行计数并鉴定到属和种。每只犬的粪便样本通过被动硝酸钠（比重1.33）和离心糖溶液（比重1.25）漂浮法进行检查。粪便抗原检测试验用于确认92只犬的冷冻粪便样本中线虫抗原的存在。尸检发现，97只犬中有45只（46.4%）感染犬钩虫，11只（11.3%）感染犬弓首蛔虫，38只（39.2%）感染狐毛首线虫，48只（49.5%）感染犬复孔绦虫，7只（7.2%）感染带绦虫属。被动粪便漂浮法鉴定出45只感染犬钩虫中的38只（84.4%）、11只感染犬弓首蛔虫中的6只（54.5%）、38只感染狐毛首线虫中的26只（68.4%）、48只感染犬复孔绦虫中的2只（4.2%）以及7只感染带绦虫属中的1只（14.3%）。而基于尸检回收的线虫，离心漂浮法结合抗原检测试验在97.7%（43/44）的感染犬钩虫犬、77.8%（7/9）的感染犬弓首蛔虫犬以及83.3%（30/36）的感染狐毛首线虫犬中检测到了相应线虫。综合来看，这些数据表明，线虫抗原检测是粪便样本寄生虫卵显微镜检查的有用辅助手段，且这种方法可提高犬肠道线虫感染的诊断敏感性。
