Tan Grace Z H, Das Bhowmik Sudipta S, Hoang Thi M L, Karbaschi Mohammad R, Johnson Alexander A T, Williams Brett, Mundree Sagadevan G
Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Oct 13;8:1755. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01755. eCollection 2017.
Iron deficiency is a major problem in both developing and developed countries, and much of this can be attributed to insufficient dietary intake. Over the past decades several measures, such as supplementation and food fortification, have helped to alleviate this problem. However, their associated costs limit their accessibility and effectiveness, particularly amongst the financially constrained. A more affordable and sustainable option that can be implemented alongside existing measures is biofortification. To date, much work has been invested into staples like cereals and root crops-this has culminated in the successful generation of high iron-accumulating lines in rice and pearl millet. More recently, pulses have gained attention as targets for biofortification. Being secondary staples rich in protein, they are a nutritional complement to the traditional starchy staples. Despite the relative youth of this interest, considerable advances have already been made concerning the biofortification of pulses. Several studies have been conducted in bean, chickpea, lentil, and pea to assess existing germplasm for high iron-accumulating traits. However, little is known about the molecular workings behind these traits, particularly in a leguminous context, and biofortification via genetic modification (GM) remains to be attempted. This review examines the current state of the iron biofortification in pulses, particularly chickpea. The challenges concerning biofortification in pulses are also discussed. Specifically, the potential application of transgenic technology is explored, with focus on the genes that have been successfully used in biofortification efforts in rice.
缺铁在发展中国家和发达国家都是一个主要问题，其中很大一部分可归因于饮食摄入不足。在过去几十年里，诸如补充剂和食品强化等多项措施有助于缓解这一问题。然而，这些措施的相关成本限制了其可及性和有效性，尤其是在经济拮据人群中。一种更经济实惠且可持续的选择是生物强化，它可以与现有措施一起实施。迄今为止，人们已在谷物和块根作物等主食方面投入了大量工作——这最终成功培育出了水稻和珍珠粟中铁积累量高的品系。最近，豆类作为生物强化的目标受到了关注。豆类作为富含蛋白质的次要主食，是传统淀粉类主食的营养补充。尽管这一研究兴趣相对较新，但在豆类生物强化方面已经取得了相当大的进展。已经在菜豆、鹰嘴豆、小扁豆和豌豆上开展了多项研究，以评估现有种质的高铁积累特性。然而，对于这些特性背后的分子机制，尤其是在豆科植物背景下，人们了解甚少，通过基因改造进行生物强化仍有待尝试。本综述考察了豆类尤其是鹰嘴豆中铁生物强化的现状。还讨论了豆类生物强化面临的挑战。具体而言，探讨了转基因技术的潜在应用，重点关注已在水稻生物强化工作中成功应用的基因。
