Bellringer Maria, Pearson Janet, du Preez Katie Palmer, Wilson Denise, Koziol-McLain Jane, Garrett Nick, Abbott Max
Gambling and Addictions Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand.
Asian J Gambl Issues Public Health. 2017;7(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40405-017-0028-1. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
This study investigated the effect of problem gambler gender on the relationship between the gambler having dependent children (younger than 18 years) living at home and the gambler perpetrating or being a victim of family violence. The sample comprised 164 help-seeking gamblers (43% female; 37% with dependent child/ren) recruited from three national gambling treatment services in New Zealand. Family violence was measured using a modified version of the HITS scale covering physical, psychological, verbal, emotional and sexual violence. Forty-nine percent of participants reported being a victim of violence and 43% had perpetrated violence. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was conducted, adjusting in sequence for significant socio-demographic, psychosocial and gambling factors. The relationship between having dependent children and being a victim of family violence was gender-related. Female gamblers living with dependent children reported more family violence perpetration and victimisation than male gamblers living with dependent children. Female gamblers with dependent children living at home had greater odds of being a victim of family violence than male gamblers without dependent children living at home. This relationship remained when adjusted for contextual factors of being a victim (ethnicity, income support status, and feelings of inadequacy) in this sample. A similar gender effect of having dependent children living at home on violence perpetration disappeared when known psychosocial contextual factors of violence perpetration (aggression, difficulties in emotion regulation, drug issue in the family, and interpersonal support) were taken into account. These findings suggest the value of coordinated approaches between gambling treatment services and programmes supporting vulnerable families in order to identify vulnerable families and put support mechanisms in place.
本研究调查了问题赌徒的性别对家中有未成年受抚养子女（未满18岁）的赌徒实施家庭暴力或成为家庭暴力受害者之间关系的影响。样本包括从新西兰三个全国性赌博治疗服务机构招募的164名寻求帮助的赌徒（43%为女性；37%有受抚养子女）。使用涵盖身体、心理、言语、情感和性暴力的HITS量表的修改版来衡量家庭暴力。49%的参与者报告曾是暴力受害者，43%曾实施过暴力。进行了多变量逻辑回归建模，并依次对显著的社会人口统计学、心理社会和赌博因素进行了调整。有受抚养子女与成为家庭暴力受害者之间的关系与性别有关。与有受抚养子女的男性赌徒相比，与受抚养子女同住的女性赌徒报告的家庭暴力实施和受害情况更多。与没有受抚养子女的男性赌徒相比，家中有受抚养子女的女性赌徒成为家庭暴力受害者的几率更大。在对该样本中成为受害者的背景因素（种族、收入支持状况和不足感）进行调整后，这种关系仍然存在。当考虑到已知的暴力实施心理社会背景因素（攻击性、情绪调节困难、家庭中的毒品问题和人际支持）时，家中有受抚养子女对暴力实施的类似性别影响消失了。这些发现表明，赌博治疗服务机构与支持弱势家庭的项目之间采取协调方法，以便识别弱势家庭并建立支持机制具有重要意义。
