Lown E Anne, Schmidt Laura A, Wiley James
Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2006 Aug;96(8):1409-15. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.057786. Epub 2006 Jun 29.
Exposure to violence is a widespread problem among women who receive welfare benefits. Research has focused on partner violence among women with children on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), ignoring low-income women without dependent children who are eligible for General Assistance (GA).
We report findings from a survey of 1235 women seeking TANF (N=1095) and GA (N=140) throughout a California county.
Estimates of recent physical, sexual, and severe violence were high in both populations. However, the highest rates occurred among women without children seeking GA, suggesting that they are at higher risk for sexual violence and more severe forms of physical violence, especially from intimate partners. This increased risk is partly accounted for by the co-occurrence of other serious health and social problems. In multivariate analyses, past-year violence was associated with substance use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 2.9), recent homelessness (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.6), family fragmentation including divorce or separation (AOR=3.1, 95% CI 1.8, 5.2), or foster care involvement (AOR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1, 4.5)
Welfare reform created TANF programs to address domestic violence. Women seeking GA may need similar services because of the high prevalence of violence.
遭受暴力侵害是领取福利救济金的女性中普遍存在的问题。研究主要聚焦于领取贫困家庭临时援助（TANF）的有子女女性中的伴侣暴力，而忽视了符合一般援助（GA）条件的无受抚养子女的低收入女性。
我们报告了对加利福尼亚州一个县内1235名寻求TANF（n = 1095）和GA（n = 140）的女性进行调查的结果。
在这两类人群中，近期身体暴力、性暴力和严重暴力的估计发生率都很高。然而，最高发生率出现在寻求GA的无子女女性中，这表明她们遭受性暴力和更严重形式身体暴力的风险更高，尤其是来自亲密伴侣的暴力。这种风险增加部分是由其他严重健康和社会问题的共同出现导致的。在多变量分析中，过去一年的暴力行为与物质使用（调整后的优势比[AOR]=2.0，95%置信区间[CI]=1.5，2.9）、近期无家可归（AOR = 1.9，95% CI = 1.4，2.6）、包括离婚或分居在内的家庭破裂（AOR=3.1，95% CI 1.8，5.2）或寄养照料参与情况（AOR=2.2，95% CI=1.1，4.5）有关。
福利改革设立了TANF项目以应对家庭暴力。由于暴力行为的高发生率，寻求GA的女性可能需要类似的服务。
