Department of Psychiatry, Women's Mood Disorders Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 305, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017 Oct 30;19(12):94. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0852-0.
The purpose of this study is to review and summarize the literature exploring the genetic basis for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and postpartum depression (PPD).
There is more evidence for a genetic basis for PPD than for PMDD, but only when PPD is defined as beginning in the immediate postpartum time period. Familial, genome-wide linkage and association studies, and candidate gene studies, most in the past 10 years, have examined the genetic etiology of reproductive affective disorders, including PMDD and PPD. The most commonly studied genes include SERT, COMT, MAOA, BDNF, and ESR1 and 2. This qualitative review of the recent literature finds limited evidence so far for the genetic basis for PMDD, with both familial and candidate gene studies having negative or conflicting results. Evidence is stronger for the genetic basis for PPD, with positive associations found in family studies and in several genes associated with major depression as well as genes involved in estrogen signaling but only when PPD onset is shortly after delivery. Epigenetic biomarkers on genes responsive to estrogen have also been found to predict PPD. Our findings underscore the need for additional studies with larger samples, as well as the crucial importance of timing in the definition of PPD for genetic studies.
本研究旨在回顾和总结探索经前期烦躁障碍（PMDD）和产后抑郁症（PPD）遗传基础的文献。
与 PMDD 相比，PPD 的遗传学基础证据更多，但只有当 PPD 定义为产后即刻开始时才如此。过去 10 年来，家族性、全基因组连锁和关联研究以及候选基因研究一直在研究生殖情感障碍（包括 PMDD 和 PPD）的遗传病因。最常研究的基因包括 SERT、COMT、MAOA、BDNF 和 ESR1 和 2。对最近文献的这一定性综述发现，迄今为止，PMDD 的遗传基础证据有限，家族和候选基因研究的结果均为阴性或相互矛盾。PPD 的遗传基础证据更强，在家族研究以及与重度抑郁症相关的几个基因以及与雌激素信号相关的基因中均发现了阳性关联，但只有当 PPD 在分娩后不久发作时才如此。对雌激素反应基因的表观遗传生物标志物也被发现可预测 PPD。我们的研究结果强调了需要更多具有更大样本的研究，以及在 PPD 的遗传学研究中，定义时间的重要性。
