Parlapani Elisavet, Agakidis Charalampos, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi Thomais, Sarafidis Kosmas, Agakidou Eleni, Athanasiadis Apostolos, Diamanti Elisavet
a 1st Department of Neonatology & NICU, Nutrition/Dietetics Department, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece.
b Clinical Nutrition Laboratory , Technological Education Institute of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Apr;32(7):1084-1091. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1399120. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome and gestational diabetes due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of its components. The aim was to investigate the potential association of MD adherence (MDA) during pregnancy by mothers delivering prematurely, with intrauterine growth as expressed by neonates' anthropometry at birth and complications of prematurity. This is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study of 82 women who delivered preterm singletons at post conceptional age (PCA) ≤ 34 weeks and their live-born neonates. Maternal and neonatal demographic and clinical data were recorded. All mothers filled in a food frequency questionnaire, and the MDA score was calculated. Based on 50th centile of MD score, participants were classified into high-MDA and low-MDA groups. The low-MDA mothers had significantly higher pregestational BMI and rates of overweight/obesity (odd ratios (OR) 3.5) and gestational hypertension/preeclampsia (OR 3.8). Neonates in the low-MDA group had significantly higher incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (OR 3.3) and lower z-scores of birth weight and BMI. Regarding prematurity-related complications, the low MDA-group was more likely to develop necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity (OR 3.2, 1.3, and 1.6, respectively), while they were less likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome (OR 0.49), although the differences were not statistically significant. However, adjustment for confounders revealed MDA as a significant independent predictor of hypertension/preeclampsia, IUGR, birth weight z-score, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. High MDA during pregnancy may favorably affect intrauterine growth and certain acute and chronic complications of prematurity as well as maternal hypertension/preeclampsia.
地中海饮食（MD）因其成分具有抗炎和抗氧化特性，与代谢综合征和妊娠期糖尿病风险降低相关。本研究旨在调查早产母亲孕期地中海饮食依从性（MDA）与新生儿出生时人体测量学所反映的宫内生长以及早产并发症之间的潜在关联。这是一项单中心、前瞻性观察队列研究，纳入了82名在孕龄（PCA）≤34周时分娩单胎早产儿的女性及其活产新生儿。记录了母婴的人口统计学和临床数据。所有母亲填写了食物频率问卷，并计算MDA得分。根据MD得分的第50百分位数，将参与者分为高MDA组和低MDA组。低MDA组母亲孕前BMI以及超重/肥胖率（比值比（OR）为3.5）和妊娠期高血压/先兆子痫（OR为3.8）显著更高。低MDA组新生儿宫内生长受限（IUGR）发生率显著更高（OR为3.3），出生体重和BMI的z评分更低。关于早产相关并发症，低MDA组更易发生坏死性小肠结肠炎、支气管肺发育不良和早产儿视网膜病变（分别为OR 3.2、1.3和1.6），而发生呼吸窘迫综合征的可能性较小（OR 0.49），尽管差异无统计学意义。然而，对混杂因素进行调整后发现，MDA是高血压/先兆子痫、IUGR、出生体重z评分、坏死性小肠结肠炎和支气管肺发育不良的显著独立预测因素。孕期高MDA可能对宫内生长以及某些早产的急慢性并发症和母亲高血压/先兆子痫产生有利影响。
