Piechowicz Bartosz, Woś Izabela, Podbielska Magdalena, Grodzicki Przemysław
a Department of Ecotoxicology , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów , Werynia , Poland.
b Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology an Environmental Protection , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2018 Jan 2;53(1):18-24. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1369320. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
This investigation was undertaken to determine whether active ingredients (AIs) of currently recommended plant protection products (PPPs) could be transferred to beehives from apple and pear trees. A field trial was carried out with apple trees of Ligol and Idared variety, and pear trees of Conference variety. For pest and diseases control of fungal origin, recommended PPPs were applied. Samples of flowers from the above-mentioned varieties of fruit trees, of bees, brood and honey from beehives located in their direct neighborhood were collected regularly and analyzed for the presence of lambda-cyhalothrin (an insecticide) and cyprodinil, captan, fluopyram, kresoxim-methyl, penthiopyrad and trifloxystrobin (fungicides). In samples of flowers of Ligol variety, fluopyram residues (on average 0.621 µg single flower) were at the highest levels, whereas in samples of pear flowers of Conference variety, and in flowers of Idared variety, captan residues (on average, respectively, 0.705 and 165.7 µg single flower). In samples of bees and honey, residues of five AIs were detected, and in brood six AIs, whereby in each case captan residues prevailed, respectively, up to 585.2, 51.52 and 126.5 µg kg bees and honey. In the honey, significantly larger residues of captan were found out than maximum residue level (MRL) for this AI - 103.04% MRL. In the case of any AI, the daily intake did not exceed 0.002% acceptable daily intake (ADI).
本研究旨在确定当前推荐的植物保护产品（PPP）的活性成分（AI）是否会从苹果和梨树上转移至蜂箱。对利戈尔（Ligol）和伊达雷德（Idared）品种的苹果树以及康佛伦斯（Conference）品种的梨树进行了田间试验。针对真菌性病虫害防治，施用了推荐的PPP。定期采集上述果树品种的花朵样本、蜜蜂样本、蜂巢中的幼虫和蜂蜜样本，并分析其中氯氟氰菊酯（一种杀虫剂）以及嘧菌环胺、克菌丹、氟吡菌酰胺、醚菌酯、戊唑嘧菌酯和肟菌酯（杀菌剂）的存在情况。在利戈尔品种的花朵样本中，氟吡菌酰胺残留量最高（单花平均0.621微克），而在康佛伦斯品种的梨花样本以及伊达雷德品种的花朵样本中，克菌丹残留量最高（单花平均分别为0.705微克和165.7微克）。在蜜蜂和蜂蜜样本中，检测到了5种AI的残留，在幼虫样本中检测到了6种AI的残留，在每种情况下，均以克菌丹残留量为主，分别高达585.2、51.52和126.5微克/千克蜜蜂和蜂蜜。在蜂蜜中，克菌丹的残留量显著高于该AI的最大残留限量（MRL）——超出MRL的103.04%。对于任何一种AI，其每日摄入量均未超过每日允许摄入量（ADI）的0.002%。
