Rodeck U, Herlyn M
Cancer Treat Res. 1988;43:3-16. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1751-7_1.
Based on the clinicopathological delineation of distinct steps of tumor progression in the melanocytic system, the in vitro behavior of melanocytes with increasing malignant potential has been investigated. Tumor progression in melanocytes is characterized by an increasing growth autonomy and decreased requirement but enhanced utilization of exogenously provided polypetide growth factors (EGF, IGF-I). The endogenous production of growth factors such as alpha-TGF, PDGF, and bFGF by metastatic melanoma cells might contribute to their independence from exogenously provided factors. Although expression of some melanoma-associated antigens in vivo is detectable only on malignant cells, propagation of normal melanocytes in tissue culture leads to expression of the majority of these antigens. Many of these antigens can be grouped into functionally defined categories, including growth factor receptors, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell-substrate interacting antigens. One cell-substrate interacting antigen, the GD2/GD3 ganglioside, appears to play a critical role in the metastatic process of melanoma cells. The successful propagation and characterization of melanocytic cells of all stages of tumor progression in tissue culture provide a unique human experimental model for the study of mechanisms of malignant transformation.
基于黑素细胞系统中肿瘤进展不同阶段的临床病理描述，已对具有不断增加的恶性潜能的黑素细胞的体外行为进行了研究。黑素细胞中的肿瘤进展特征为生长自主性增加、对外源性提供的多肽生长因子（EGF、IGF-I）的需求减少但利用增强。转移性黑素瘤细胞内源性产生的生长因子如α-TGF、PDGF和bFGF可能有助于其不依赖外源性提供的因子。尽管某些黑素瘤相关抗原在体内仅在恶性细胞上可检测到，但正常黑素细胞在组织培养中的增殖会导致大多数这些抗原的表达。这些抗原中的许多可归为功能定义的类别，包括生长因子受体、细胞外基质蛋白和细胞-底物相互作用抗原。一种细胞-底物相互作用抗原，GD2/GD3神经节苷脂，似乎在黑素瘤细胞的转移过程中起关键作用。在组织培养中成功培养和鉴定肿瘤进展各阶段的黑素细胞，为研究恶性转化机制提供了独特的人类实验模型。
