Kumar Vivek, Avery Pasco B, Ahmed Juthi, Cave Ronald D, McKenzie Cindy L, Osborne Lance S
Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725, South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
Insects. 2017 Oct 31;8(4):119. doi: 10.3390/insects8040119.
Horticultural oils are an important component of integrated management programs of several phytophagous arthropods and pathogens affecting fruit, ornamentals and vegetables in greenhouse and field production systems. Although effective against the target pest, their incompatibility with biological control agents can compromise efforts to develop eco-friendly management programs for important agricultural pests. In this study, we assessed the in vitro effect of selected refined petroleum oils used in citrus and other horticultural crops with a biopesticide containing the entomopathogenic fungi, (PFR-97) under laboratory conditions. Further, we used leaf disk bioassays to evaluate the combined efficacy of petroleum oils and against the Asian citrus psyllid, (Hemiptera: Liviidae), a major pest of citrus in the United States. All five petroleum oil treatments (Orchex, Sun Pure, Conoco Blend -1, Conoco Blend -2, and JMS) were compatible with blastospores, as none of them were found to affect colony-forming units and radial fungal growth measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days post-inoculation. All mixed treatments performed better than alone against , where the highest mean survival time of was 12.5 ± 0.7 days. No significant differences in survival time and growth (fungal development index) on dead cadavers, which is important for determining their horizontal transmission, were observed when mixed with Orchex, Sun Pure, Conoco Blend -2, and JMS. Results indicated that horticultural oils in combination with could offer citrus growers an alternative treatment for integrating into their current management programs while battling against in citrus production systems. Due to their eco-friendly, broad-spectrum effect, it could provide control against various citrus pests, while also encouraging the retention of effective chemistries for a longer period in the marketplace. However promising, these combination treatments need to be tested further with under grove conditions to confirm their field efficacy.
园艺油是温室和田间生产系统中影响水果、观赏植物和蔬菜的几种植食性节肢动物及病原体综合管理计划的重要组成部分。尽管对目标害虫有效，但它们与生物防治剂的不相容性可能会影响为重要农业害虫制定生态友好型管理计划的努力。在本研究中，我们在实验室条件下评估了用于柑橘和其他园艺作物的精选精炼石油油与含有昆虫病原真菌（PFR - 97）的生物农药的体外效果。此外，我们使用叶盘生物测定法来评估石油油和该生物农药对美国柑橘主要害虫亚洲柑橘木虱（半翅目：木虱科）的联合功效。所有五种石油油处理（Orchex、Sun Pure、Conoco Blend - 1、Conoco Blend - 2和JMS）都与该真菌的芽生孢子相容，因为在接种后3、6、9和12天测量时，没有发现它们会影响真菌的菌落形成单位和径向生长。所有混合处理对亚洲柑橘木虱的防治效果都优于单独使用该生物农药，其中亚洲柑橘木虱的最高平均存活时间为12.5±0.7天。当与Orchex、Sun Pure、Conoco Blend - 2和JMS混合时，在死亡虫体上亚洲柑橘木虱的存活时间和真菌生长（真菌发育指数）没有显著差异，这对于确定其水平传播很重要。结果表明，园艺油与该生物农药结合可为柑橘种植者提供一种替代处理方法，以便在柑橘生产系统中对抗亚洲柑橘木虱时纳入其当前的管理计划。由于它们具有生态友好、广谱的效果，既能防治各种柑橘害虫，又能促使有效的化学药剂在市场上保留更长时间。然而，尽管前景看好，但这些联合处理方法还需要在果园条件下与该生物农药进一步测试，以确认其田间功效。
