Chow Andrew, Dunlap Christopher A, Jackson Mark A, Avery Pasco B, Patt Joseph M, Sétamou Mamoudou
Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX.
USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL.
J Econ Entomol. 2018 Sep 26;111(5):2089-2100. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy216.
Autodissemination and foliar sprays of PFR-97 (Certis Inc., Columbia, MD) microbial insecticide, a blastospore formulation of Isaria fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), were evaluated for control of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), on residential citrus. Seasonal trials on dooryard trees in South Texas evaluated: 1) pathogenicity of I. fumosorosea (Ifr) spores on autodisseminators (dispensers) deployed up to 3 wk on grapefruit trees; 2) psyllid control on several citrus species by dispensers and sprays; 3) infection range of the dispenser. Decline in spore pathogenicity over time was similar among dispensers during fall, winter, or spring and decreased by 30% after 1 d, 59% after 7 d, 81% after 14 d, and 100% after 21 d. Dispensers or sprays were equally effective for psyllid control on heavily infested lime trees from fall to spring and reduced mean reproduction (cumulative eggs) by 90% and mean attack intensity (cumulative psyllid-days) of adults by 76% and nymphs by 82%. Dispensers or sprays were also equally effective for psyllid control on lightly infested lime trees from spring to mid-summer and on orange or grapefruit trees from fall to winter. Very light infestations on grapefruit trees from spring to mid-summer were not significantly reduced by dispensers or sprays. Psyllid control was not improved by combining dispensers and sprays. Adult psyllids infected by Ifr were recovered in trees located 3-4 m away from trees with dispensers but not at greater distances. PFR-97 dispensers could be a treatment option for D. citri in settings where chemical control is problematic.
对PFR-97（Certis公司，马里兰州哥伦比亚）微生物杀虫剂进行了自动传播和叶面喷雾试验，该杀虫剂是玫烟色棒束孢（Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae）的芽生孢子制剂，用于防治住宅柑橘树上的亚洲柑橘木虱，即柑橘木虱（半翅目：木虱科）。在得克萨斯州南部庭院树木上进行的季节性试验评估了：1）在葡萄柚树上部署长达3周的自动传播器（分配器）上玫烟色棒束孢（Ifr）孢子的致病性；2）分配器和喷雾对几种柑橘品种上木虱的防治效果；3）分配器的感染范围。在秋季、冬季或春季，随着时间的推移，分配器上孢子致病性的下降情况相似，1天后下降30%，7天后下降59%，14天后下降81%，21天后下降100%。从秋季到春季，分配器或喷雾对重度感染的酸橙树上的木虱防治效果相同，平均繁殖率（累积卵数）降低90%，成虫的平均攻击强度（累积木虱日数）降低76%，若虫降低82%。从春季到仲夏，分配器或喷雾对轻度感染的酸橙树以及从秋季到冬季对橙子或葡萄柚树上的木虱防治效果也相同。从春季到仲夏，葡萄柚树上非常轻微的虫害未因分配器或喷雾而显著减少。联合使用分配器和喷雾并不能提高对木虱的防治效果。在距离装有分配器的树木3-4米远的树木上发现了被Ifr感染的成年木虱，但更远距离则未发现。在化学防治存在问题的环境中，PFR-97分配器可能是防治柑橘木虱的一种处理选择。
