Fernández-Moreno Pablo T, Alcántara-de la Cruz Ricardo, Smeda Reid J, De Prado Rafael
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Departamento de Entomologia BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Oct 17;8:1796. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01796. eCollection 2017.
Multiple mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate are exhibited by populations of spp. worldwide. Association of resistance with growth and reproductive fitness is an important predictor for long-term success of glyphosate-resistant (R) versus glyphosate-susceptible (S) biotypes. Numerous studies were conducted on R- and S-biotypes of Italian ryegrass () and perennial ryegrass () to characterize the underlying mechanism(s) of glyphosate resistance and associate this with growth and reproductive fitness. . expressed both altered uptake and translocation as well as a genetic change at 106-Pro to -Ser, This pattern for two resistance mechanisms is unique. also exhibited altered uptake and translocation as well as duplication of EPSPS gene copies. Reduced plant biomass and height for R-versus S-biotypes of both species was evident over two growing seasons. This resulted in S- versus R- producing up to 47 and 38% more seeds in 2014 and 2015, respectively. S- produced up to 20 and 30% more seeds in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Both non-target site and target-site mechanisms of glyphosate resistance can render spp. at a competitive disadvantage. This has long-term implications for the success of glyphosate-resistant plants in the absence of selection pressure.
全球范围内的 物种群体表现出对草甘膦的多种抗性机制。抗性与生长和繁殖适合度之间的关联是抗草甘膦（R）与草甘膦敏感（S）生物型长期成功的重要预测指标。针对意大利黑麦草（ ）和多年生黑麦草（ ）的R型和S型生物型进行了大量研究，以表征草甘膦抗性的潜在机制，并将其与生长和繁殖适合度联系起来。 表现出吸收和转运的改变以及106位脯氨酸到丝氨酸的基因变化，这两种抗性机制的模式是独特的。 也表现出吸收和转运的改变以及EPSPS基因拷贝的重复。在两个生长季节中，两个物种的R型与S型生物型相比，植物生物量和高度降低是明显的。这导致S型在2014年和2015年分别比R型多产生47%和38%的种子。S型在2014年和2015年分别多产生20%和30%的种子。草甘膦抗性的非靶标位点和靶标位点机制都可能使 物种处于竞争劣势。这对在没有选择压力的情况下抗草甘膦植物的成功具有长期影响。
