Miyanaga Akimasa
a Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2017 Dec;81(12):2227-2236. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1391687. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
Polyketides constitute a large family of natural products that display various biological activities. Polyketides exhibit a high degree of structural diversity, although they are synthesized from simple acyl building blocks. Recent biochemical and structural studies provide a better understanding of the biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity. This review highlights the biosynthetic mechanisms of structurally unique polyketides, β-amino acid-containing macrolactams, enterocin, and phenolic lipids. Functional and structural studies of macrolactam biosynthetic enzymes have revealed the unique biosynthetic machinery used for selective incorporation of a rare β-amino acid starter unit into the polyketide skeleton. Biochemical and structural studies of cyclization enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of enterocin and phenolic lipids provide mechanistic insights into how these enzymes diversify the carbon skeletons of their products.
聚酮化合物构成了一大类具有多种生物活性的天然产物。尽管聚酮化合物是由简单的酰基构建单元合成的，但它们表现出高度的结构多样性。最近的生化和结构研究使人们对聚酮化合物多样性的生物合成逻辑有了更好的理解。本综述重点介绍了结构独特的聚酮化合物、含β-氨基酸的大环内酰胺、肠菌素和酚类脂质的生物合成机制。对大环内酰胺生物合成酶的功能和结构研究揭示了用于将罕见的β-氨基酸起始单元选择性掺入聚酮骨架的独特生物合成机制。对参与肠菌素和酚类脂质生物合成的环化酶的生化和结构研究为这些酶如何使其产物的碳骨架多样化提供了机制上的见解。
