School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA.
Ecology. 2018 Jan;99(1):5-12. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2070. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
Stability contributes to the persistence of ecological communities, yet the interactions among different stabilizing forces are poorly understood. We assembled mesocosms with an algal resource and one to eight different clones of the consumer Daphnia ambigua and tracked algal and Daphnia abundances through time. We then fitted coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to the consumer-resource time series. We show that variation in different components of stability (local stability and the magnitude of population fluctuations) across mesocosms arises through variation in life history traits and the functional processes represented by ODE model parameters. Local stability was enhanced by increased algal growth rate and Daphnia mortality and foraging rate. Population fluctuations were dampened by high Daphnia conversion efficiency and lower interaction strengths, low algal growth rate, high Daphnia death rate, and low Daphnia foraging. These results indicate that (1) stability in consumer-resource systems may arise through the net effect of multiple related stabilizing pathways and (2) different aspects of stability can vary independently and may respond in opposite directions to the same forces.
稳定性有助于生态群落的持续存在，但不同稳定力量之间的相互作用还了解甚少。我们组装了带有藻类资源和 1 到 8 个不同 Daphnia ambigua 消费者克隆的中观模型，并通过时间跟踪藻类和 Daphnia 的丰度。然后，我们将耦合常微分方程（ODE）拟合到消费者-资源时间序列中。我们表明，中观模型中不同稳定性成分（局部稳定性和种群波动幅度）的变化是通过 ODE 模型参数所代表的生活史特征和功能过程的变化而产生的。藻类增长率、Daphnia 死亡率和觅食率的增加增强了局部稳定性。高 Daphnia 转化率和较低的相互作用强度、低藻类增长率、高 Daphnia 死亡率和低 Daphnia 觅食率降低了种群波动。这些结果表明：（1）消费者-资源系统的稳定性可能是通过多种相关稳定途径的净效应产生的；（2）稳定性的不同方面可能独立变化，并可能对同一力量做出相反的反应。
