Booth School of Business, The University of Chicago.
Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center, The University of Pennsylvania.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2018 Jan;114(1):29-51. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000101. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Across 7 experiments (N = 3883), we demonstrate that communicators and targets make egocentric moral judgments of deception. Specifically, communicators focus more on the costs of deception to them-for example, the guilt they feel when they break a moral rule-whereas targets focus more on whether deception helps or harms them. As a result, communicators and targets make asymmetric judgments of prosocial lies of commission and omission: Communicators often believe that omitting information is more ethical than telling a prosocial lie, whereas targets often believe the opposite. We document these effects within the context of health care discussions, employee layoffs, and economic games, among both clinical populations (i.e., oncologists and cancer patients) and lay people. We identify moderators and downstream consequences of this asymmetry. We conclude by discussing psychological and practical implications for medicine, management, behavioral ethics, and human communication. (PsycINFO Database Record
在 7 项实验中（N=3883），我们证明了交流者和目标会做出以自我为中心的欺骗道德判断。具体来说，交流者更关注欺骗对他们的代价，例如他们违反道德规则时感到的内疚，而目标更关注欺骗对他们是有利还是有害。因此，交流者和目标对亲社会的有意和无意谎言做出了不对称的判断：交流者通常认为隐瞒信息比说出亲社会的谎言更合乎道德，而目标则常常持相反的观点。我们在医疗保健讨论、员工裁员和经济游戏等情境中，在临床人群（如肿瘤学家和癌症患者）和非临床人群中都记录了这些效应。我们确定了这种不对称的调节因素和下游后果。最后，我们讨论了这些发现对医学、管理学、行为伦理学和人类沟通的心理和实际影响。
