Development Center for Higher Education, Osaka Prefecture University.
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University.
Dev Psychol. 2017 Nov;53(11):2113-2126. doi: 10.1037/dev0000354.
In the present study, we examined changes in identity dynamics during adolescence using the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS), focusing on social and cultural factors possibly affecting identity formation. Identity formation among adolescents outside Western countries is largely unexplored; therefore, we focused on adolescents in Japan. We conducted a longitudinal study with 4 annual measurement points examining 968 Japanese adolescents (49.7% females). Two cohorts of participants were 13 and 16 years old at Time 1 and were followed until 16 and 19 years old, respectively. Latent class growth analysis extracted 3 identity trajectories corresponding to those found in previous research (i.e., achievement, troubled diffusion, and carefree diffusion) and 2 transitional trajectories newly identified in the present study (i.e., troubled diffusion-to-moratorium and moratorium-to-achievement). Adolescents following the achievement trajectory showed the best subjective well-being, whereas troubled diffused adolescents showed the worst. Furthermore, early-to-middle adolescents and urban adolescents tended to follow a low-commitment trajectory, whereas middle-to-late adolescents and rural adolescents tended to follow a high-commitment trajectory. These findings suggest that identity development proceeds toward integration during adolescence, but simultaneously, diverse developmental trajectories exist and incorporate contextual factors. Thus, in Japan, adolescence may be a period of identity formation for some adolescents, but not for others. (PsycINFO Database Record
在本研究中，我们使用身份发展维度量表（DIDS）研究了青少年时期身份动态的变化，重点关注可能影响身份形成的社会和文化因素。在西方国家以外的青少年中，身份形成在很大程度上尚未得到探索；因此，我们专注于日本的青少年。我们进行了一项纵向研究，在 4 个年度测量点上对 968 名日本青少年（49.7%为女性）进行了研究。两组参与者在时间 1 时分别为 13 岁和 16 岁，分别随访至 16 岁和 19 岁。潜在类别增长分析提取了与先前研究中发现的 3 个身份轨迹相对应的轨迹（即成就型、困扰扩散型和无忧无虑扩散型），以及本研究中新发现的 2 个过渡轨迹（即困扰扩散型-延缓型和延缓型-成就型）。遵循成就轨迹的青少年表现出最佳的主观幸福感，而困扰扩散型的青少年表现出最差的主观幸福感。此外，青少年早期至中期和城市青少年往往遵循低承诺轨迹，而青少年中期至晚期和农村青少年往往遵循高承诺轨迹。这些发现表明，身份发展在青少年时期向整合方向推进，但同时存在多样化的发展轨迹，并包含情境因素。因此，在日本，青春期可能是一些青少年身份形成的时期，但不是所有青少年。
