Castro-Vega Icíar, Veses Martin Silvia, Cantero Llorca Juana, Barrios Marta Cristina, Monzó Albiach Núria, Bañuls Morant Celia, Hernández-Mijares Antonio
Hospital Universitario Dr Peset-FISABIO-Universitat de Valencia.
Nutr Hosp. 2017 Jul 28;34(4):889-898. doi: 10.20960/nh.847.
The prevalence of disease-related malnutrition depends on the population studied and the methods used for screening, for nutritional assessment and the diagnostic criteria employed.
To determine the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition, and the type and degree of malnutrition in outpatient, hospitalized and institutionalized populations in a health department.
Cross-sectional and descriptive study with a randomly selected sample. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was performed as a screening test to assess nutritional risk, and a complete nutritional assessment was carried out according to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) criteria. The type and degree of malnutrition was determined according to the SENPE-SEDOM consensus criteria.
MUST revealed a prevalence of nutritional risk of 28% (215) (outpatients n = 106: 15.1% [16]; institutionalized patients n = 375: 31.2% [117]; hospitalized patients n = 285: 28.8% [82]). The overall prevalence of disease-related malnutrition was 26.4% (202) (outpatients n = 106: 2.8% [3]; institutionalized patients n = 375: 30.13% [113]; hospitalized patients n = 285: 30.2% [86]). Prevalence was highest amongst patients older than 75 years (74.3%). Malnutrition of a caloric type and a mild degree was the most common in the whole sample (18% and 12.9%, respectively).
One in four patients in the analyzed sample is malnourished. Disease-related malnutrition is especially prevalent in inpatients and in the elderly, affecting one in three patients. In light of this prevalence, it is essential to put in place nutritional screening procedures associated with therapeutic action plans.
疾病相关营养不良的患病率取决于所研究的人群以及用于筛查、营养评估的方法和所采用的诊断标准。
确定某卫生部门门诊、住院和机构养老人群中营养风险和营养不良的患病率，以及营养不良的类型和程度。
采用随机抽样的横断面描述性研究。使用营养不良通用筛查工具（MUST）作为筛查试验来评估营养风险，并根据美国肠外和肠内营养学会（ASPEN）标准进行全面的营养评估。根据西班牙营养与饮食学会（SENPE）-西班牙营养与饮食协会（SEDOM）共识标准确定营养不良的类型和程度。
MUST显示营养风险患病率为28%（215例）（门诊患者n = 106：15.1%[16例]；机构养老患者n = 375：31.2%[117例]；住院患者n = 285：28.8%[82例]）。疾病相关营养不良的总体患病率为26.4%（202例）（门诊患者n = 106：2.8%[3例]；机构养老患者n = 375：30.13%[113例]；住院患者n = 285：30.2%[86例]）。75岁以上患者的患病率最高（74.3%）。热量型轻度营养不良在整个样本中最为常见（分别为18%和12.9%）。
分析样本中四分之一的患者存在营养不良。疾病相关营养不良在住院患者和老年人中尤为普遍，每三名患者中就有一名受影响。鉴于这种患病率，必须制定与治疗行动计划相关的营养筛查程序。
