Muñoz Díaz Belén, Martínez de la Iglesia Jorge, Molina Recio Guillermo, Aguado Taberné Cristina, Redondo Sánchez Juana, Arias Blanco M Carmen, Romero Saldaña Manuel
Atención Primaria, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Villaviciosa, Córdoba, España.
Atención Primaria, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Lucano, Córdoba, España.
Aten Primaria. 2020 Apr;52(4):240-249. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.12.002. Epub 2019 Jan 18.
To analyze the nutritional status (NS) of patients older than 65 years and establish their relationship with sociodemographic and health variables.
Cross-sectional observational study in patients older than 65 years.
3 health centers.
255 patients: ambulatory (AP), in domiciliary care (DP) or institutionalized (IP). They completed the study 243 (response rate 95.3%).
The Chang method was applied to determine the NS. Sociodemographic, anthropometric variables, dependence, mood, cognitive and analytical parameters were collected. Associations were analyzed applying chi-square and analysis of variance. The prevalence ratio (PR) for malnutrition was calculated. A multivariate model was applied (binary logistic regression). Significance was considered for p<0.05.
The average age was 81.3 years (SD=7.4) and 72.0% were women. 48.9% were AP, 26.8% DP and 24.2% IP. 29.6% (95% CI: 23.9-35.8) presented malnutrition. Greater malnutrition was established in relation to living in a residence or requiring home help (PR=5.3), age over 85 (PR=4.9), presenting a moderate or higher dependency for basic activities of daily living (PR=3.9) and instrumental (PR=3.3), need help for mobility (PR=2.9) and present moderate/severe cognitive impairment (PR=2.1). The determinants of malnutrition in the multivariate model were older than 85 years old and being IP or DP.
Emphasis should be placed on evaluating NS in patients older than 85 years of age who live in a residence or require home care, since they are the groups at greatest risk of malnutrition.
分析65岁以上患者的营养状况（NS），并确定其与社会人口学和健康变量之间的关系。
对65岁以上患者进行横断面观察性研究。
3个健康中心。
255例患者，包括门诊患者（AP）、居家护理患者（DP）或机构化患者（IP）。243例患者完成了研究（应答率95.3%）。
采用常氏方法确定营养状况。收集社会人口学、人体测量学变量、依赖程度、情绪、认知和分析参数。应用卡方检验和方差分析分析相关性。计算营养不良的患病率比（PR）。应用多变量模型（二元逻辑回归）。p<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
平均年龄为81.3岁（标准差=7.4），女性占72.0%。48.9%为门诊患者，26.8%为居家护理患者，24.2%为机构化患者。29.6%（95%可信区间：23.9-35.8）存在营养不良。与居住在养老院或需要居家帮助（PR=5.3）、年龄超过85岁（PR=4.9）、日常生活基本活动存在中度或更高依赖程度（PR=3.9）和工具性活动依赖（PR=3.3）、行动需要帮助（PR=2.9）以及存在中度/重度认知障碍（PR=2.1）相关的营养不良情况更为严重。多变量模型中营养不良的决定因素是年龄超过85岁以及为机构化患者或居家护理患者。
应重点评估居住在养老院或需要居家护理的85岁以上患者的营养状况，因为他们是营养不良风险最高的群体。
