Vieira Taian, Botter Alberto, Gastaldi Laura, Sacco Isabel C N, Martelli Francesco, Giacomozzi Claudia
Laboratory for Engineering of Neuromuscular System and Motor Rehabilitation, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 2;12(11):e0187202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187202. eCollection 2017.
During rowing, foot positioning on the foot stretcher is critical to optimise muscle force transmission and boat propulsion. Following the beneficial effects of textured insoles on gait and balance, this study aims at investigating whether passive stimulation of foot mechanoreceptors induced by these insoles may contribute to improving foot loading pattern and symmetry during indoor rowing.
Eleven elite rowers were assessed during controlled training on a standard rowing machine while wearing control, low-density or high-density textured insoles. Plantar pressure and knee and trunk kinematics were measured; performance data were recorded from the machine. Insole effect on kinematic parameters, peak and average values of foot force, contact area and position of centre of pressure was assessed with ANOVA and Bonferroni correction for pair-wise comparisons.
A main effect was observed for force and contact area, with the high-density insoles providing greatest values (P<0.035). No interaction was observed between side and insole (P>0.190), even though symmetry was higher with high-density insoles. Kinematics (P = 0.800) and rowing performance were not affected by insole type; a consistent though not statistically significant increase in mean travelled distance was observed for denser insoles (P>0.21).
The high-density textured insoles affected foot loading distribution during indoor rowing. Rowers applied greater foot force and over a greater foot stretcher area with the high-density than the low-density and control insoles. These findings and the methodology applied may be relevant for the understanding and monitoring of rowing performance.
在划船过程中，脚在脚蹬上的位置对于优化肌肉力量传递和船只推进至关重要。鉴于纹理鞋垫对步态和平衡具有有益影响，本研究旨在探究这些鞋垫对足部机械感受器的被动刺激是否有助于改善室内划船时的足部负荷模式和对称性。
11名精英划船运动员在标准划船机上进行受控训练时，分别穿着对照鞋垫、低密度纹理鞋垫或高密度纹理鞋垫接受评估。测量足底压力以及膝盖和躯干的运动学数据；从划船机上记录性能数据。采用方差分析和Bonferroni校正进行两两比较，评估鞋垫对运动学参数、足部力量的峰值和平均值、接触面积以及压力中心位置的影响。
在力量和接触面积方面观察到主要效应，高密度鞋垫的数值最大（P<0.035）。尽管高密度鞋垫的对称性更高，但未观察到侧别与鞋垫之间的交互作用（P>0.190）。运动学（P = 0.800）和划船性能不受鞋垫类型的影响；密度较高的鞋垫平均行驶距离有一致但无统计学意义的增加（P>0.21）。
高密度纹理鞋垫影响室内划船时的足部负荷分布。与低密度和对照鞋垫相比，划船运动员使用高密度鞋垫时施加的足部力量更大，且作用于更大的脚蹬面积。这些发现以及所应用的方法可能与理解和监测划船性能相关。
