促性腺激素释放激素脉冲调控：信号转导和基因表达。
Gonadotropin regulation by pulsatile GnRH: Signaling and gene expression.
机构信息
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
出版信息
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 5;463:131-141. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.015. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
The precise orchestration of hormonal regulation at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential for normal reproductive function and fertility. The pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the synthesis and release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by pituitary gonadotropes. GnRH acts by binding to its high affinity seven-transmembrane receptor (GnRHR) on the cell surface of anterior pituitary gonadotropes. Different signaling cascades and transcriptional mechanisms are activated, depending on the variation in GnRH pulse frequency, to stimulate the synthesis and release of FSH and LH. While changes in GnRH pulse frequency may explain some of the differential regulation of FSH and LH, other factors, such as activin, inhibin and sex steroids, also contribute to gonadotropin production. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional regulation of the gonadotropin subunit genes and the signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH.
在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的各个水平上，激素调节的精确协调对于正常的生殖功能和生育能力至关重要。下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的脉冲式分泌刺激垂体促性腺激素细胞合成和释放卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）。GnRH 通过与垂体促性腺激素细胞表面的高亲和力七跨膜受体（GnRHR）结合发挥作用。根据 GnRH 脉冲频率的变化，激活不同的信号转导途径和转录机制，以刺激 FSH 和 LH 的合成和释放。虽然 GnRH 脉冲频率的变化可能解释了 FSH 和 LH 的一些差异调节，但其他因素，如激活素、抑制素和性激素，也有助于促性腺激素的产生。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了促性腺激素亚基基因的转录调节以及脉冲 GnRH 激活的信号通路。
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