Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Nov 6;17(1):356. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1518-5.
Little research has examined the potential protective influence of religiosity against problem gambling; a common addictive behavior, and one with a host of associated negative health and social outcomes. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the potential longitudinal association between religiosity and problem gambling among adults and (2) the potential moderating role of gender on this association.
Data were from five waves of the Quinte Longitudinal Study (QLS), between 2006 and 2010. Participants were Canadian adults from Belleville, Ontario, Canada (n = 4121). A multiple group (based on gender) latent growth curve analysis was conducted to examine the overall trajectory of problem gambling severity. Two models were tested; the first examined the influence of past-year religious service attendance, and the second examined an overall measure of personal religiosity on the trajectory of problem gambling. The Problem and Pathological Gambling Measure (PPGM) was used as a continuous measure. The Rohrbaugh-Jessor Religiosity Scale (RJRS) was used to assess past-year frequency of religious service attendance and personal religiosity. Religious affiliation (Protestant, Catholic, Atheist/Agnostic, Other, Prefer not to say) was also included in the models.
At baseline, higher frequency of past-year religious service attendance (males: β= -0.54, females: β= -0.68, p < 0.001 for both) and greater overall personal religiosity (males: β= -0.17, females: β= -0.13, p < 0.001 for both) were associated with lower PPGM scores. The moderating effect of gender indicated that the influence of past-year religious service attendance was greater among females (χdiff = 336.8, p < 0.001); however, the effect of overall religiosity was greater among males (χdiff = 213.4, p < 0.001). Findings were mixed with respect to religious affiliation. No measures of religiosity or religious affiliation were associated with the overall decline in problem gambling severity.
These findings suggest that religiosity may act as a static protective factor against problem gambling severity but may play a less significant role in predicting change in problem gambling severity over time.
很少有研究探讨宗教信仰对赌博问题的潜在保护作用；赌博是一种常见的成瘾行为，会带来许多负面的健康和社会后果。本研究的目的是检验（1）宗教信仰与成年人赌博问题之间潜在的纵向关联，以及（2）性别对这种关联的潜在调节作用。
数据来自 2006 年至 2010 年期间进行的五次 Quinte 纵向研究（QLS）。参与者是来自加拿大安大略省贝尔维尔的加拿大成年人（n=4121）。采用多组（基于性别）潜在增长曲线分析来检验赌博严重程度的整体轨迹。测试了两种模型；第一种模型检验了过去一年宗教服务出席率的影响，第二种模型检验了个人宗教信仰对赌博轨迹的影响。使用问题和病理性赌博量表（PPGM）作为连续测量。罗巴赫-杰西宗教信仰量表（RJRS）用于评估过去一年宗教服务出席率和个人宗教信仰的频率。宗教信仰（新教、天主教、无神论/不可知论、其他、不愿说）也包含在模型中。
在基线时，过去一年宗教服务出席率较高（男性：β=-0.54，女性：β=-0.68，均 p<0.001）和整体个人宗教信仰较高（男性：β=-0.17，女性：β=-0.13，均 p<0.001）与较低的 PPGM 分数相关。性别调节效应表明，过去一年宗教服务出席率的影响在女性中更大（χdiff=336.8，p<0.001）；然而，整体宗教信仰的影响在男性中更大（χdiff=213.4，p<0.001）。宗教信仰和宗教信仰的测量结果存在差异。宗教信仰或宗教信仰的任何措施均与赌博严重程度的整体下降无关。
这些发现表明，宗教信仰可能是赌博严重程度的静态保护因素，但在预测随时间推移赌博严重程度的变化方面可能作用不大。
