Hussain Zulfia, Khan Junaid Ali
Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017 Oct;10(10):940-944. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Regulation of blood glucose levels and body fat is critical for survival. Leptin circulates freely in blood and controls body weight and food intake mainly through hypothalamic receptors and regulates glucose metabolism in the liver both directly through leptin receptors and indirectly via the hypothalamic receptors of central nervous system. Leptin affects food intake regulation and eventually glucose metabolism, lipometabolism, endocrine and immune functions, reproductive function, adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure. Leptin also exerts peripheral effects directly on glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Most of obese human subjects have elevated plasma levels of leptin associated to the size of their total adipose tissue mass. Hence gluconeogenic function may be an essential factor in the regulation of nutritional intake and weight gain. The aim of this review is therefore to identify and module the possible effects of leptin with special application in gluconeogenesis. In addition, this review includes the study of fat consumption and energy expenditure in the body. Specific modulation of leptin receptors and adipose tissues functioning could have important inference on therapeutic strategies.
血糖水平和身体脂肪的调节对生存至关重要。瘦素在血液中自由循环，主要通过下丘脑受体控制体重和食物摄入，并直接通过瘦素受体以及间接通过中枢神经系统的下丘脑受体调节肝脏中的葡萄糖代谢。瘦素影响食物摄入调节，最终影响葡萄糖代谢、脂质代谢、内分泌和免疫功能、生殖功能、脂肪组织代谢和能量消耗。瘦素还直接对葡萄糖代谢和糖异生产生外周作用。大多数肥胖人类受试者的血浆瘦素水平升高，这与他们总的脂肪组织质量大小有关。因此，糖异生功能可能是调节营养摄入和体重增加的一个重要因素。因此本综述的目的是识别并阐述瘦素可能的作用，特别是在糖异生方面的应用。此外，本综述还包括对身体脂肪消耗和能量消耗的研究。对瘦素受体和脂肪组织功能的特异性调节可能对治疗策略有重要影响。
