Discovery of High-Temperature Superconductivity (T = 55 K) in B-Doped Q-Carbon.

We have achieved a superconducting transition temperature (T) of 55 K in 27 at% B-doped Q-carbon. This value represents a significant improvement over previously reported T of 36 K in B-doped Q-carbon and is the highest T for conventional BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) superconductivity in bulk carbon-based materials. The B-doped Q-carbon exhibits type-II superconducting characteristics with H(0) ∼ 10.4 T, consistent with the BCS formalism. The B-doped Q-carbon is formed by nanosecond laser melting of B/C multilayered films in a super undercooled state and subsequent quenching. It is determined that ∼67% of the total boron exists with carbon in a sp hybridized state, which is responsible for the substantially enhanced T. Through the study of the vibrational modes, we deduce that higher density of states near the Fermi level and moderate to strong electron-phonon coupling lead to a high T of 55 K. With these results, we establish that heavy B doping in Q-carbon is the pathway for achieving high-temperature superconductivity.