Olusola Babatunde A, Olaleye David O, Odaibo Georgina N
Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Arch Virol. 2018 Feb;163(2):439-445. doi: 10.1007/s00705-017-3599-3. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Persons in the early stages of HIV infection are the major drivers of new infections. These individuals may also develop renal dysfunctions at this time. Nigeria, as other African countries, has one of the highest prevalence of newly diagnosed HIV infections. Despite this, limited information exists on early HIV detection in the continent. This may be related to difficulties in providing early HIV diagnosis and treatment. Patients referred for malaria testing may provide a unique opportunity for early HIV detection. In this study, a method for identifying early HIV-infected individuals was assessed. HIV-1 subtype and renal function biomarkers were also analyzed in these persons. To identify early HIV infection, over a period of 18 months blood samples were collected from persons referred by clinicians for malaria parasite tests in Nigeria. A total of 671 samples were collected and analyzed for HIV antigen/antibody and subtypes. 101 of these samples were categorized into one of four groups: early HIV, chronic HIV, malaria infection and control groups for renal function analysis. 29% of HIV infected individuals were at the early stages of infection. The predominant subtype detected was CRF02_AG (57.14%). The early HIV group had the highest mean serum creatinine (95 µmol/L) and urea (5.7 mmol/L) values across all groups with the difference significant at P < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the circulating subtype and the stage of HIV infection. Our results show the feasibility of screening persons referred for malaria tests for early HIV. This can be used to control new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
处于HIV感染早期阶段的人群是新感染病例的主要传染源。这些个体此时也可能出现肾功能障碍。与其他非洲国家一样，尼日利亚是新诊断出HIV感染病例患病率最高的国家之一。尽管如此，非洲大陆关于早期HIV检测的信息有限。这可能与提供早期HIV诊断和治疗存在困难有关。因疟疾检测而转诊的患者可能为早期HIV检测提供了一个独特的机会。在本研究中，评估了一种识别早期HIV感染者的方法。还对这些人的HIV-1亚型和肾功能生物标志物进行了分析。为了识别早期HIV感染，在18个月的时间里，从尼日利亚临床医生转诊来进行疟原虫检测的人员中采集血样。共采集了671份样本，并对其进行HIV抗原/抗体和亚型分析。其中101份样本被分为四组之一：早期HIV组、慢性HIV组、疟疾感染组和对照组，用于肾功能分析。29%的HIV感染者处于感染早期阶段。检测到的主要亚型是CRF02_AG（57.14%）。在所有组中，早期HIV组的平均血清肌酐（95µmol/L）和尿素（5.7mmol/L）值最高，差异在P<0.05时具有统计学意义。循环亚型与HIV感染阶段之间没有显著差异。我们的结果表明，对因疟疾检测而转诊的人员进行早期HIV筛查是可行的。这可用于控制撒哈拉以南非洲地区的新HIV感染病例。
